يعرّف دان ألويس -الأب المؤسس لأبحاث التنمر في المدارس- بأنه أفعال سلبية متعمدة من جانب طالب أو أكثر لإلحاق الأذى بطالب آخر، وتتم بصورة متكررة، وتنشأ في حالة عدم التوازن في الطاقة أو القوة (علاقة قوة غير متماثلة)، ويمكن أن تكون هذه الأفعال السلبية بالكلمات، أو الاحتكاك الجسدي، أو الإشارات غير اللائقة، وذلك بقصد وتعمّد عزل الطالب عن المجموعة، أو رفض الاستجابة لرغباته.
والتنمر في المدارس ظاهرة عالمية، وليست حصراً على مجتمع ما، ولكن الحديث عنها في مجتمعنا لتناميها بطريقة مزعجة، ومقلقة، ومخيفة في تشكيل مفاهيم وسلوكيات واتجاهات الكثير من الطلبة، وتحديداً في عمر المراهقة الممتدة في المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية، حيث لا تزال القضايا والتعهدات والإنذارات في المدارس شاهدة على تنامي الظاهرة، بل أكثر من ذلك انتقال بعض الطلبة المتنمر عليهم إلى مدارس أخرى، أو فصول أخرى داخل المدرسة، والسبب أن طالباً -أو أكثر- تجاوزوا حدود الأدب والذوق والتربية والإنسانية في الإساءة إلى زميلهم.
اللافت أن المشكلة لا تقف عند حدود الطالب الضحية الذي تعرّض للتنمر، وإنما هناك ضحية أخرى لا يُلتفت إليه غالباً، وهو الطفل أو مجموعة الطلاب المتنمرين الذين يتخذون صورة العنف اللفظي والجسدي سلوكاً مخالفاً في تعاملاتهم، ويمثلون ضحايا سوء التنشئة الأسرية والاجتماعية، وكلتا الضحيتين تحتاجان للعلاج النفسي والسلوكي.
أمر آخر، وهو أن التنمر ليس له علاقة بنوع الجنس؛ فالتنمر موجود في مدارس البنين وأيضاً البنات، وربما يكون تأثيره النفسي لدى بعض الطالبات المتنمر عليهن أكثر عمقاً وإيلاماً، وخصوصاً حينما يتجاوز التنمر في كلماته وأفعاله إلى المظهر العام، أو يمتد بنظرات الاستعلاء لكسر الخواطر وتهميشها.
أخطر ما يمر فيه التنمر في المدارس حالياً، هو التنمر بسبب الميول الرياضي، والإساءة بين الطلبة أنفسهم؛ بسبب خسارة فريقهم المفضل لمباراة أو بطولة، حيث تتحوّل الكلمات والإشارات المسيئة إلى حالة من التعصب، وربما يتطوّر الموقف إلى عدم السيطرة على السلوك المندفع نحو العنف، وبالتالي تحصل صدامات وملاسنات بسبب «الطقطقة» على الطالب المغلوب على أمره؛ لأن فريقه الذي ينتمي إليه خسر، أو لم يحقق بطولات، وهذا يشكّل ضغطاً نفسياً عليه، وربما يفقده التركيز في دروسه، أو يكره المدرسة بسبب التنمر الرياضي عليه.
العلاج يبدأ أولاً داخل الأسرة، وهذا لا نقاش فيه، حيث تعتبر الأسرة البيئة الأولى التي تؤثر في سلوك الطفل، وتساهم في احتوائه، والبحث عن الأسباب ومعالجتها، وخصوصاً التحكم في المحتوى الذي يتعرّض له الطفل من وسائل الإعلام وشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، ويبقى الأهم عدم اختلاق الأسرة الأعذار للطفل المتنمر والتبرير لأفعاله؛ لأن هذا مؤشر داخل الأسرة إلى عدم الاعتراف بالمشكلة.
والعلاج أيضاً يمتد في المدرسة، من خلال الإرشاد النفسي وتعديل السلوك، وتعليم الطفل مهارات تساعده على تقدير ذاته، وإبراز مساهماته وإنجازاته، وإشراكه في نشاطات اجتماعية تسمح له بالاندماج مع الآخرين، وبناء ثقته بنفسه.
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
Dan Olweus, the founding father of bullying research in schools, defines it as deliberate negative actions by one or more students aimed at harming another student, occurring repeatedly, and arising in situations of imbalance in energy or power (an asymmetrical power relationship). These negative actions can be verbal, physical, or inappropriate gestures, with the intent to deliberately isolate the student from the group or to refuse to respond to their desires.
Bullying in schools is a global phenomenon and is not restricted to any particular community. However, discussing it in our society is necessary due to its troubling, concerning, and frightening growth in shaping the concepts, behaviors, and attitudes of many students, particularly during the extended adolescence in middle and high school stages. Issues, commitments, and warnings in schools still bear witness to the rise of this phenomenon. Moreover, some bullied students even transfer to other schools or different classes within the same school because one or more students have crossed the boundaries of decency, taste, upbringing, and humanity in their mistreatment of their peers.
Notably, the problem does not stop at the victimized student who has been bullied; there is another victim often overlooked, which is the child or group of bullying students who adopt verbal and physical violence as a deviant behavior in their interactions. They represent victims of poor familial and social upbringing, and both victims need psychological and behavioral treatment.
Another point is that bullying is not related to gender; it exists in both boys' and girls' schools. The psychological impact on some bullied girls may be deeper and more painful, especially when bullying extends beyond words and actions to include general appearance or is accompanied by condescending looks that belittle and marginalize.
The most dangerous aspect of bullying in schools today is bullying due to sports preferences, and the abuse among students themselves due to their favorite team's loss in a match or tournament. Here, the hurtful words and gestures transform into a state of fanaticism, and the situation may escalate to a loss of control over aggressive behavior, leading to clashes and verbal altercations due to "taunting" the unfortunate student because their team lost or did not achieve championships. This creates psychological pressure on them, possibly causing them to lose focus in their studies or to hate school due to the sports bullying they experience.
Treatment begins first within the family, and there is no debate about this, as the family is the primary environment that influences the child's behavior and contributes to containing them, seeking out the causes, and addressing them. This is especially true for controlling the content the child is exposed to from media and social networks. Importantly, families should not make excuses for the bullying child or justify their actions, as this is an indicator of a lack of acknowledgment of the problem within the family.
Treatment also extends into the school through psychological counseling and behavior modification, teaching the child skills that help them appreciate themselves, highlight their contributions and achievements, engage in social activities that allow them to integrate with others, and build their self-confidence.
Bullying in schools is a global phenomenon and is not restricted to any particular community. However, discussing it in our society is necessary due to its troubling, concerning, and frightening growth in shaping the concepts, behaviors, and attitudes of many students, particularly during the extended adolescence in middle and high school stages. Issues, commitments, and warnings in schools still bear witness to the rise of this phenomenon. Moreover, some bullied students even transfer to other schools or different classes within the same school because one or more students have crossed the boundaries of decency, taste, upbringing, and humanity in their mistreatment of their peers.
Notably, the problem does not stop at the victimized student who has been bullied; there is another victim often overlooked, which is the child or group of bullying students who adopt verbal and physical violence as a deviant behavior in their interactions. They represent victims of poor familial and social upbringing, and both victims need psychological and behavioral treatment.
Another point is that bullying is not related to gender; it exists in both boys' and girls' schools. The psychological impact on some bullied girls may be deeper and more painful, especially when bullying extends beyond words and actions to include general appearance or is accompanied by condescending looks that belittle and marginalize.
The most dangerous aspect of bullying in schools today is bullying due to sports preferences, and the abuse among students themselves due to their favorite team's loss in a match or tournament. Here, the hurtful words and gestures transform into a state of fanaticism, and the situation may escalate to a loss of control over aggressive behavior, leading to clashes and verbal altercations due to "taunting" the unfortunate student because their team lost or did not achieve championships. This creates psychological pressure on them, possibly causing them to lose focus in their studies or to hate school due to the sports bullying they experience.
Treatment begins first within the family, and there is no debate about this, as the family is the primary environment that influences the child's behavior and contributes to containing them, seeking out the causes, and addressing them. This is especially true for controlling the content the child is exposed to from media and social networks. Importantly, families should not make excuses for the bullying child or justify their actions, as this is an indicator of a lack of acknowledgment of the problem within the family.
Treatment also extends into the school through psychological counseling and behavior modification, teaching the child skills that help them appreciate themselves, highlight their contributions and achievements, engage in social activities that allow them to integrate with others, and build their self-confidence.


