ما انفكت منطقة الشرق الأوسط بؤرةً للأزمات والصراعات المستمرة التي تلقي بظلالها الكثيفة على استقرارها وتنميتها، وتحول دون ازدهارها. وعبر التاريخ كانت هذه المنطقة مصابة بلعنة الحرب التي حكمت مصيرها وكبّلت مستقبل أجيالها لقرون. ورغم أنهار الدماء التي سالت إلا أن اللعنة ما زالت تفعل فعلها؛ فتضرب ذات اليمين وذات الشمال.
وفي خضم ذلك، وما أسفر عنه من آلام ومآسٍ وتحديات جسيمة، يبرز التعايش السلمي كضرورة قصوى لحل مستدام، وحتمية إستراتيجية للخروج من دوامة العنف والدمار. فقد أثبت التاريخ، بما لا يدع مجالاً للشك، أنّ الحروب لا تجلب سوى الخراب المادي والبشري، وتدمير البنى التحتية، وتبديد الموارد، وتأجيج الكراهية والعداء بين الشعوب، مما يؤدي إلى حلقة مفرغة من المعاناة واليأس، نشهد فصولها كل يوم.
ومن المتعارف عليه في فقه العلاقات الدولية أنّ الجوار الجغرافي لا يعني بالضرورة الوفاق السياسي، بل كثيراً ما تسعى الدول إلى تعزيز مكانتها على حساب تراجع الآخر، لا سيما أنّ لكل دولة تاريخاً وثقافةً يغذيان رؤيتها لمكانتها، ويؤثران في سلوكها الإقليمي والدولي.
وفي هذا السياق، برز مفهوم «التعايش السلمي(Peaceful Coexistence)» بشكل واضح في العلاقات الدولية في مطلع القرن الماضي، وقد اعتمد لينين هذا المفهوم كوسيلة لحماية الدولة السوفيتية الفتية وتطبيع العلاقات مع الدول الرأسمالية. واستمر العمل بهذا المفهوم في مراحل لاحقة، من بينها النزاع السوفيتي- الصيني في أوائل سبعينات القرن الماضي.
والجدير بالذكر أنّ الصين تبنت مبدأ التعايش السلمي كمسار في سياستها الخارجية، وشددت على المبادئ الخمسة وهي الاحترام المتبادل للسلامة الإقليمية والسيادة، وعدم الاعتداء، وعدم التدخل في الشؤون الداخلية لبعضنا البعض، والمساواة والمنفعة المتبادلة، والتعايش السلمي. وقد حظيت هذه المبادئ باعتراف المجتمع الدولي في مؤتمر باندونغ عام 1955 في إندونيسيا، والذي شكل النواة لمنظمة عدم الانحياز التي تأسست عام 1961 في بلغراد.
هذا التوجه اعتمدته لاحقاً الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة في دورتها الخامسة والعشرين، ضمن إعلان مبادئ القانون الدولي المتعلقة بالعلاقات الودية والتعاون، وفقاً لميثاق الأمم المتحدة، وقد شكل إطاراً يحكم العلاقات بين الدول منذ معاهدة وستفاليا لسيادة الدولة القومية. هذه المبادئ الخمسة للتعايش السلمي أصبحت نهجاً متبعاً للتفاهم بين الدول، لترسيخ السلام والأمن، وتحقيق الاستقرار والاحترام المتبادل.
وفي السياق ذاته، ظهر مصطلح «الوفاق(Détente)»، المشتق من اللغة الفرنسية، ويعني «تخفيف التوتر»، لوصف مرحلة من خفض التصعيد الجيوسياسي بين الولايات المتحدة والاتحاد السوفيتي إبّان الحرب الباردة، بدءاً من عام 1969. وقد تميزت تلك الفترة بجهود دبلوماسية كبيرة لم تنهِ الحرب الباردة تماماً، لكنها قللت من حدّتها، ومهدت الطريق لمعاهدات الحد من التسلح، وتقليص خطر المواجهة النووية.
وبالعودة إلى واقع الشرق الأوسط، فإنّ المشهد الجيوسياسي في المنطقة تحكمه أحداث دامية استقطبت أنظار العالم، وعلى رأسها مجازر الإبادة الوحشية في غزة، وحرب التجويع، والانتهاكات الإسرائيلية المتكررة للقانون الدولي والمواثيق الأممية، في ظل إصرار إسرائيل على مواصلة عملياتها العسكرية وتجاهلها التام للرأي العام الدولي.
وقد صرّح رئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي، بنيامين نتنياهو، علناً بعدم استعداده للتخلي عن السيطرة الأمنية على الأراضي الواقعة غربي نهر الأردن، ما يؤكد استمرار العربدة السياسية والعسكرية من دون رادع فعلي من المجتمع الدولي. وجاء تصويت الكنيست الإسرائيلي (الأربعاء 23 الجاري)، بالموافقة على مشروع القانون المتعلق بفرض السيادة الإسرائيلية على الضفة الغربية وغور الأردن، ليصبّ الوقود على نار التوتر، حيث يهدف المشروع، إلى بسط القانون الإسرائيلي على هذه المناطق وهيمنتها من خلال اتباع سياسات أحادية وتغليب القوة، وهو ما يلقى معارضة شديدة من المملكة والجامعة العربية والمجتمع الدولي الذي يعتبر الضفة الغربية أراضي محتلة ويدعو إلى حل الدولتين.
وفي ظل هذه الأوضاع المشتعلة، فإنّ تحقيق الاستقرار الإقليمي يتطلب جهوداً حقيقية لتعزيز التعاون والحوار بين دول المنطقة. فالمفاوضات الإقليمية هي الأداة المحورية لتجاوز التوترات التاريخية والانقسامات الراهنة، وينبغي أن تستند إلى مبادئ القانون الدولي، والاحترام المتبادل، والمصالح المشتركة.
ويدرك المجتمع الدولي أنّ ازدهار أي دولة في المنطقة لا يمكن أن يتحقق بمعزل عن استقرار جيرانها وازدهار البيئة المحيطة، مما يفرض تبني مقاربة جماعية تضع المصلحة الإقليمية فوق الحسابات الضيقة، وشهوة السيطرة والتوسع، والتوترات الأيديولوجية المثقلة بالوهم والصراعات.
لقد آن الأوان لتوجيه مسار الجهود بعيداً عن الحروب، وتبني نهج جديد في صياغة نظام إقليمي جديد يُعلي من شأن المصالح العربية، ويستند إلى مقررات الشرعية الدولية بشأن السلام، مع وضع القضية الفلسطينية في قلب هذا النظام. ويجب أن يكون حل الدولتين أساساً لهذا التوجه، إلى جانب كبح التهور الإسرائيلي الذي يهدد استقرار سائر دول المنطقة.
عبدالرحمن الجديع
أزمات الشرق الأوسط والتعايش السلمي
28 يوليو 2025 - 20:34
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آخر تحديث 29 يوليو 2025 - 00:09
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The Middle East has long been a focal point of ongoing crises and conflicts that cast heavy shadows over its stability and development, preventing its prosperity. Throughout history, this region has been afflicted by the curse of war, which has dictated its fate and shackled the future of its generations for centuries. Despite the rivers of blood that have been shed, the curse continues to take its toll, striking both to the right and to the left.
Amidst this turmoil, and the resulting pain, tragedies, and significant challenges, peaceful coexistence emerges as an utmost necessity for a sustainable solution, and a strategic imperative to escape the cycle of violence and destruction. History has proven, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that wars bring nothing but material and human devastation, destruction of infrastructure, waste of resources, and fuel hatred and animosity between peoples, leading to a vicious cycle of suffering and despair that we witness every day.
It is commonly understood in the field of international relations that geographical proximity does not necessarily mean political harmony; rather, countries often seek to enhance their status at the expense of others, especially since each country has a history and culture that shape its vision of its status and influence its regional and international behavior.
In this context, the concept of "Peaceful Coexistence" emerged clearly in international relations at the beginning of the last century, with Lenin adopting this concept as a means to protect the young Soviet state and normalize relations with capitalist countries. This concept continued to be applied in later stages, including the Soviet-Chinese conflict in the early 1970s.
It is worth noting that China adopted the principle of peaceful coexistence as a pathway in its foreign policy, emphasizing five principles: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. These principles were recognized by the international community at the Bandung Conference in 1955 in Indonesia, which formed the nucleus of the Non-Aligned Movement established in 1961 in Belgrade.
This approach was later adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in its twenty-fifth session, within the Declaration of Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation, in accordance with the UN Charter, and has formed a framework governing relations between states since the Treaty of Westphalia for the sovereignty of nation-states. These five principles of peaceful coexistence have become a common approach for understanding among states, to establish peace and security, and achieve stability and mutual respect.
In the same context, the term "Détente," derived from French, meaning "relaxation of tension," emerged to describe a phase of geopolitical de-escalation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, starting in 1969. This period was characterized by significant diplomatic efforts that did not completely end the Cold War but reduced its intensity and paved the way for arms control treaties and reduced the risk of nuclear confrontation.
Returning to the reality of the Middle East, the geopolitical scene in the region is governed by bloody events that have attracted the world's attention, foremost among them the brutal genocide in Gaza, the war of starvation, and Israel's repeated violations of international law and UN charters, amidst Israel's insistence on continuing its military operations and its complete disregard for international public opinion.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly declared his unwillingness to relinquish security control over the territories west of the Jordan River, confirming the continuation of political and military aggression without any effective deterrent from the international community. The Israeli Knesset's vote (on Wednesday, the 23rd of this month) in favor of a bill related to imposing Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank and the Jordan Valley only adds fuel to the fire of tension, as the bill aims to extend Israeli law over these areas and assert its dominance through unilateral policies and the use of force, which faces strong opposition from the Kingdom, the Arab League, and the international community that considers the West Bank occupied territory and calls for a two-state solution.
In light of these explosive conditions, achieving regional stability requires genuine efforts to enhance cooperation and dialogue among the countries of the region. Regional negotiations are the central tool to overcome historical tensions and current divisions, and they should be based on principles of international law, mutual respect, and common interests.
The international community recognizes that the prosperity of any state in the region cannot be achieved in isolation from the stability of its neighbors and the flourishing of the surrounding environment, necessitating a collective approach that places regional interests above narrow calculations, the lust for control and expansion, and the ideological tensions burdened with illusion and conflicts.
It is time to redirect the course of efforts away from wars and adopt a new approach in shaping a new regional system that elevates Arab interests and is based on the resolutions of international legitimacy regarding peace, placing the Palestinian issue at the heart of this system. The two-state solution must be the foundation of this approach, alongside curbing the Israeli recklessness that threatens the stability of all countries in the region.
Amidst this turmoil, and the resulting pain, tragedies, and significant challenges, peaceful coexistence emerges as an utmost necessity for a sustainable solution, and a strategic imperative to escape the cycle of violence and destruction. History has proven, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that wars bring nothing but material and human devastation, destruction of infrastructure, waste of resources, and fuel hatred and animosity between peoples, leading to a vicious cycle of suffering and despair that we witness every day.
It is commonly understood in the field of international relations that geographical proximity does not necessarily mean political harmony; rather, countries often seek to enhance their status at the expense of others, especially since each country has a history and culture that shape its vision of its status and influence its regional and international behavior.
In this context, the concept of "Peaceful Coexistence" emerged clearly in international relations at the beginning of the last century, with Lenin adopting this concept as a means to protect the young Soviet state and normalize relations with capitalist countries. This concept continued to be applied in later stages, including the Soviet-Chinese conflict in the early 1970s.
It is worth noting that China adopted the principle of peaceful coexistence as a pathway in its foreign policy, emphasizing five principles: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. These principles were recognized by the international community at the Bandung Conference in 1955 in Indonesia, which formed the nucleus of the Non-Aligned Movement established in 1961 in Belgrade.
This approach was later adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in its twenty-fifth session, within the Declaration of Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation, in accordance with the UN Charter, and has formed a framework governing relations between states since the Treaty of Westphalia for the sovereignty of nation-states. These five principles of peaceful coexistence have become a common approach for understanding among states, to establish peace and security, and achieve stability and mutual respect.
In the same context, the term "Détente," derived from French, meaning "relaxation of tension," emerged to describe a phase of geopolitical de-escalation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, starting in 1969. This period was characterized by significant diplomatic efforts that did not completely end the Cold War but reduced its intensity and paved the way for arms control treaties and reduced the risk of nuclear confrontation.
Returning to the reality of the Middle East, the geopolitical scene in the region is governed by bloody events that have attracted the world's attention, foremost among them the brutal genocide in Gaza, the war of starvation, and Israel's repeated violations of international law and UN charters, amidst Israel's insistence on continuing its military operations and its complete disregard for international public opinion.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly declared his unwillingness to relinquish security control over the territories west of the Jordan River, confirming the continuation of political and military aggression without any effective deterrent from the international community. The Israeli Knesset's vote (on Wednesday, the 23rd of this month) in favor of a bill related to imposing Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank and the Jordan Valley only adds fuel to the fire of tension, as the bill aims to extend Israeli law over these areas and assert its dominance through unilateral policies and the use of force, which faces strong opposition from the Kingdom, the Arab League, and the international community that considers the West Bank occupied territory and calls for a two-state solution.
In light of these explosive conditions, achieving regional stability requires genuine efforts to enhance cooperation and dialogue among the countries of the region. Regional negotiations are the central tool to overcome historical tensions and current divisions, and they should be based on principles of international law, mutual respect, and common interests.
The international community recognizes that the prosperity of any state in the region cannot be achieved in isolation from the stability of its neighbors and the flourishing of the surrounding environment, necessitating a collective approach that places regional interests above narrow calculations, the lust for control and expansion, and the ideological tensions burdened with illusion and conflicts.
It is time to redirect the course of efforts away from wars and adopt a new approach in shaping a new regional system that elevates Arab interests and is based on the resolutions of international legitimacy regarding peace, placing the Palestinian issue at the heart of this system. The two-state solution must be the foundation of this approach, alongside curbing the Israeli recklessness that threatens the stability of all countries in the region.


