تسير حكومة رئيس الوزراء الفرنسي سباستيان لوكورنو على طريق من الأشواك، فرئيس الحكومة ووزير الدفاع السابق اضطر للرضوخ للأصوات الاشتراكية واليسارية عبر التخلي عن الإصلاح الهيكلي لأنظمة التقاعد الذي كان يسعى الرئيس ماكرون إلى تمريره، وهذا لا يعني أن الحكومة وصلت إلى بر الأمان، بل بقي أمامها إقرار ميزانية 2026 من النواب.
والقشة التي قسمت ظهر الاستقرار الاقتصادي والسياسي في فرنسا، كانت قرار الرئيس الفرنسي بحل الجمعية الوطنية (البرلمان) في يونيو من العام الماضي، وجاء القرار كرد فعل على نتائج انتخابات البرلمان الأوروبي التي فاز فيها التجمع الوطني اليميني المتطرف (بقيادة جوردان بارديلا ومارين لوبان) بنسبة أصوات تجاوزت 30%.
النتائج كانت كارثية حيث زاد تشظي كتل البرلمان، وخسر حلفاء ماكرون الأغلبية النسبية لصالح اليسار (الجبهة الشعبية الجديدة) ليصبح أكبر كتلة في البرلمان، دون أن تملك أي كتلة بمفردها الأغلبية، لكن الأكثر إيلاماً لساكن الإليزيه كان مضاعفة اليمين المتطرف لمقاعده، مما يجعل منتقدي الرئيس يرون الانتخابات كسجادة حمراء لليمين ليحكم في مايو 2027 بعد رحيل ماكرون، أو على أقل تقدير يصبح كتلة مرجحة يصعب تجاوزها.
ويأتي لوكورنو رابع أو خامس رئيس وزراء منذ إعادة تشكيل البرلمان، حيث كلف ثلاثة رؤساء وزاره قبله، وكلف من قبل الرئيس لكنه لم يمكث إلا حوالى الأسبوع واستقال، ثم عاد بحكومة تضم مزيداً من الشخصيات المدنية والتكنوقراط على أمل أن تعبر هذه المرة لشاطئ النجاة.
وحين نحلل الاقتصاد الفرنسي خلال السنوات الأخيرة، سنشهد تراجعاً كبيراً في الصناعات الفرنسية وفي جاذبية الاستثمار الأجنبي، بل إن اللافت أن بعض الصناعات الفرنسية أصبحت تغادر خارج فرنسا، ليس بالضرورة بحثاً عن ملاذات ضريبية بل أيضاً بحثاً عن سهولة الأعمال.
وبالنظر إلى عجز الواردات مقابل الصادرات في 2000 فيبلغ 8 ملايين دولار، مقارنة بعجز يتجاوز 116 ملياراً في العام 2024 وذلك بحسب البنك الدولي، بل إن الأسوأ أن فرنسا اليوم تنافس إيطاليا على المركز الثاني في الديون أوروبياً بعد اليونان، بنسبة تبلغ حوالى 114% من الناتج الإجمالي.
وبالحديث عن إيطاليا التي تحتفي رئيسة وزرائها بإكمال ثلاثة أعوام في الحكم بعد يومين من تاريخ نشر المقال، والتي تمثل حزب «إخوة إيطاليا» «Fratelli d’italia»، السيدة جورجيا ميلاني التي تأتي من حزب محافظ «يميني» أولاً ترمز لاستقرار الحكم في إيطاليا، حيث كان رؤساء الوزراء لا يدومون أكثر من ستة أشهر.
ومن جانب آخر وبرغم العبء الاقتصادي الذي ورثته إلا أنها رفعت الناتج المحلي الإجمالي من 3.9% في عام 2022 إلى حوالى 7% في 2024، وخفضت البطالة من أكثر من 8% إلى حوالى 6% خلال الفترة نفسها، بالرغم من أنها ترزح تحت ديون أكبر من فرنسا، بالإضافة إلى علاقات مميّزة مع الرئيس ترمب بشكل أفضل من جل زعماء أوروبا.
وهذا التطبيع مع اليمين في نماذج كإيطاليا والمجر لا بد من أنه يطرح سؤالاً على الناخب الفرنسي وربما بدرجة أقل الألماني، من شاكلة «لا يبدو أن اليمين بهذا السوء فلما لا نجربهم؟»، خاصة مع الشعارات الشعبوية، ومن البعيد أن يفكر ناخب متأذٍ من البطالة والمشكلات الاقتصادية من مخاطر اليمين طويلة المدى وعلى رأسها الخروج من الاتحاد الأوروبي.
تبقى فرنسا القاطرة الثانية للاتحاد الأوروبي وما يحدث في باريس يسمع صداه في بروكسل وربما برلين.
عبدالرحمن الطريري
أزمة دولة.. أم أزمة قارة..؟!
20 أكتوبر 2025 - 00:11
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آخر تحديث 20 أكتوبر 2025 - 00:11
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The government of French Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne is walking a thorny path. The Prime Minister and former Minister of Defense was forced to yield to socialist and leftist voices by abandoning the structural reform of the pension system that President Macron was trying to pass. This does not mean that the government has reached a safe harbor; it still faces the approval of the 2026 budget from the deputies.
The straw that broke the back of economic and political stability in France was the French president's decision to dissolve the National Assembly (parliament) in June of last year. This decision came as a reaction to the results of the European Parliament elections, in which the far-right National Rally (led by Jordan Bardella and Marine Le Pen) won over 30% of the votes.
The results were catastrophic, as the fragmentation of parliamentary blocs increased, and Macron's allies lost the relative majority to the left (the New Popular Front), becoming the largest bloc in parliament, although no single bloc holds a majority. However, the most painful aspect for the occupant of the Élysée was the far-right doubling its seats, leading the president's critics to view the elections as a red carpet for the right to rule in May 2027 after Macron's departure, or at the very least, to become a significant bloc that is difficult to surpass.
Borne is the fourth or fifth Prime Minister since the parliament was restructured, having appointed three Prime Ministers before her. She was appointed by the president but only stayed for about a week before resigning. She then returned with a government that includes more civilian and technocrat figures in the hope that this time they can reach the shore of safety.
When we analyze the French economy over the past few years, we witness a significant decline in French industries and in the attractiveness of foreign investment. Interestingly, some French industries have started to leave France, not necessarily in search of tax havens but also in search of ease of doing business.
Looking at the trade deficit in 2000, it was $8 million, compared to a deficit exceeding $116 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank. Moreover, the worst part is that France today competes with Italy for the second place in European debt after Greece, with a ratio of about 114% of the gross domestic product.
Speaking of Italy, whose Prime Minister celebrates three years in office two days after the publication of this article, representing the "Brothers of Italy" party, Mrs. Giorgia Meloni, who comes from a conservative "right-wing" party, first symbolizes the stability of governance in Italy, where Prime Ministers did not last more than six months.
On the other hand, despite the economic burden she inherited, she has raised the GDP from 3.9% in 2022 to about 7% in 2024 and reduced unemployment from over 8% to about 6% during the same period, even though she is under greater debt than France, in addition to having better relations with President Trump than most European leaders.
This normalization with the right in models like Italy and Hungary must raise a question for the French voter, and perhaps to a lesser extent the German voter, such as "The right doesn't seem that bad, so why not give them a try?" Especially with populist slogans, it is unlikely that a voter suffering from unemployment and economic problems will think about the long-term risks of the right, foremost among them the exit from the European Union.
France remains the second locomotive of the European Union, and what happens in Paris echoes in Brussels and perhaps Berlin.
The straw that broke the back of economic and political stability in France was the French president's decision to dissolve the National Assembly (parliament) in June of last year. This decision came as a reaction to the results of the European Parliament elections, in which the far-right National Rally (led by Jordan Bardella and Marine Le Pen) won over 30% of the votes.
The results were catastrophic, as the fragmentation of parliamentary blocs increased, and Macron's allies lost the relative majority to the left (the New Popular Front), becoming the largest bloc in parliament, although no single bloc holds a majority. However, the most painful aspect for the occupant of the Élysée was the far-right doubling its seats, leading the president's critics to view the elections as a red carpet for the right to rule in May 2027 after Macron's departure, or at the very least, to become a significant bloc that is difficult to surpass.
Borne is the fourth or fifth Prime Minister since the parliament was restructured, having appointed three Prime Ministers before her. She was appointed by the president but only stayed for about a week before resigning. She then returned with a government that includes more civilian and technocrat figures in the hope that this time they can reach the shore of safety.
When we analyze the French economy over the past few years, we witness a significant decline in French industries and in the attractiveness of foreign investment. Interestingly, some French industries have started to leave France, not necessarily in search of tax havens but also in search of ease of doing business.
Looking at the trade deficit in 2000, it was $8 million, compared to a deficit exceeding $116 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank. Moreover, the worst part is that France today competes with Italy for the second place in European debt after Greece, with a ratio of about 114% of the gross domestic product.
Speaking of Italy, whose Prime Minister celebrates three years in office two days after the publication of this article, representing the "Brothers of Italy" party, Mrs. Giorgia Meloni, who comes from a conservative "right-wing" party, first symbolizes the stability of governance in Italy, where Prime Ministers did not last more than six months.
On the other hand, despite the economic burden she inherited, she has raised the GDP from 3.9% in 2022 to about 7% in 2024 and reduced unemployment from over 8% to about 6% during the same period, even though she is under greater debt than France, in addition to having better relations with President Trump than most European leaders.
This normalization with the right in models like Italy and Hungary must raise a question for the French voter, and perhaps to a lesser extent the German voter, such as "The right doesn't seem that bad, so why not give them a try?" Especially with populist slogans, it is unlikely that a voter suffering from unemployment and economic problems will think about the long-term risks of the right, foremost among them the exit from the European Union.
France remains the second locomotive of the European Union, and what happens in Paris echoes in Brussels and perhaps Berlin.


