بالأمثال الشعبية إشارة لأنه في كل عائلة هناك من يوصف بأنه خروف أسود بالقطيع الأبيض وما شابه من تشبيهات تشير لوجود شخص شقي بالعائلة لا يكون سبب شقاوته سوء بالعائلة فبقية أبنائها طيبون إنما هذا الشخص الشقي ولد بصفات تعتبر سلبية ومن ثم يعاني هذا الشخص الموصوف بأنه شقي مما يسمى Halo effect «تأثير الهالة»، وهو الانطباع المعمم عن الشخص الذي يؤدي لافتراض أن كل ما يتعلق به هو سلبي، وهذا يضاعف من التصورات السلبية عن هذا الشخص الموصوف بأنه شقي، ولذا يعاني من الكثير من الأحكام الظالمة والجراح النفسية العميقة والعقد، بخاصة من أقرب المقربين، ورد فعل الأهل الخاطئ والمدرسين قد يدفع الشخص لسلوكيات سلبية مضادة مثل التمرد والجنوح والصحبة السيئة وسلوكيات الهروب النفسي مثل الإدمان والهروب من المدرسة والهروب من البيت والشغب، لكن العلم أزال تأثير الهالة السلبية عن هذه الفئة وكشف أن ما تعاني منه ليس بحد ذاته شيئاً يدل على سوء في الشخص إنما التعامل السلبي مع السمات غير العادية لحالته وعدم علاجها هو ما قد يجعله سلبياً، وهذه الحالة تسمى طبياً «اضطراب فرط النشاط ونقص الانتباه ADHD» ويتسم المصاب به بالسمات التالية:
* غالباً ضعف الأداء المدرسي والعملي ويترتب عليه الفشل الدراسي والفشل بالحفاظ على وظيفة عند الكبر إن لم يتعالج منذ الصغر.
* فرط الحركة والكلام والاندفاع والتهور وعدم القدرة على الجلوس لأوقات مطولة ويبدو متململا ومتحركا في جلسته.
* صعوبة التركيز بأي أمر وتشتت الانتباه حتى أثناء الكلام معه يبدو أنه غير منصت ولا صبر لديه لمتابعة الإنصات، لذا يتسرع بالرد والكلام بشكل غير مناسب ومقاطعة الآخرين وعدم القدرة على ضبط النفس.
* يبدو غير مهتم بكل أنواع المهام التي يفترض أن يكون مهتماً فيها بشكل مركز ويسهل أن يتشتت انتباهه.
* لا يلتزم بالنظام والتعليمات الموجهة إليه ولا بإتمام المهام ولا يفكر بعواقب الأمور.
* كثرة التعرض لكل أنواع الحوادث.
* قد يعاني من سرعة الغضب والعنف والكذب.
* ضعف واضطراب في العلاقات الشخصية والاجتماعية.
* حب لفت الانتباه ولو بالأمور السلبية، وبخاصة لتعويض ضعف أدائه في الجانبين الدراسي والعملي.
وكل تلك السمات وعواقبها تتسبب بالإصابة بمشاكل وأمراض نفسية وعقلية إن لم يتم التعامل معها بشكل سليم مثل الاكتئاب والقلق المفرط، ويجب عدم المسارعة إلى العقاقير قبل استنفاد فاعلية العلاج السلوكي والتربوي والمعرفي؛ لأن العقاقير لا تخلو من آثار جانبية سلبية، بخاصة على أدمغة الصغار في طور النمو، وأظهرت العديد من الدراسات أن تقنية التأمل التي تسمى «التأمل الواعي-Mindfulness Meditation» تساعد في علاج فرط النشاط في كل الأعمار حتى في مرحلة الطفولة، ولذا أدخلتها بعض المدارس الأمريكية ضمن برنامج رعايتها لطلابها الذين يعانون من فرط النشاط لأنها تعلم وتدرب الشخص على التحكم باتجاهات وعيه وتركيزه ونشاطه بشكل طبيعي، وهناك دراسات على الأثر الإيجابي لألعاب الفيديو المخصصة لعلاج فرط النشاط كنوع من العلاج «بالارتجاع الحيوي العصبي Biofeedback/Neurofeedback» الذي يدرب الشخص على التحكم بنشاط دماغه عبر جعله يراقب ذلك النشاط وتشجيعه على نمط النشاط المطلوب كلعبة «إنديفور آر إكس» من شركة «أكيلي إنتراكتف» التي وافقت عليها إدارة الأغذية والعقاقير الأمريكية كعلاج، كما أثبتت الدراسات أن نظام الغذاء الغربي الغني بالكربوهيدرات والدهون والسكر يزيد من فرط النشاط ولذا يجب أن يكون الغذاء الصحي والمكملات الغذائية جزءاً أساسياً من برنامج العلاج، وأظهرت دراسات أن التعرض للسموم البيئية مثل الرصاص بطلاء الجدران والمبيدات الحشرية يمكن أن يسبّب فرط النشاط.
بشرى فيصل السباعي
مصاب بفرط النشاط وليس شقياً
3 أكتوبر 2025 - 00:03
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آخر تحديث 3 أكتوبر 2025 - 00:03
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
In popular proverbs, there is an indication that in every family, there is someone described as a black sheep in the white flock, and similar comparisons that point to the existence of a troublesome person in the family. This person’s mischief is not due to any wrongdoing within the family, as the rest of the children are good; rather, this troublesome individual is born with traits considered negative. Consequently, this person, described as troublesome, suffers from what is known as the Halo effect, which is the generalized impression of the person that leads to the assumption that everything related to them is negative. This amplifies the negative perceptions about this person described as troublesome, and thus they suffer from many unfair judgments, deep psychological wounds, and complexes, especially from their closest relatives. The incorrect reactions of parents and teachers may push the individual towards negative counter-behaviors such as rebellion, delinquency, bad company, and psychological escape behaviors like addiction, truancy, running away from home, and mischief. However, science has removed the negative halo effect from this group and revealed that what they suffer from is not in itself indicative of a flaw in the person; rather, the negative handling of the unusual traits of their condition and the failure to treat it is what may make them negative. This condition is medically termed "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)" and is characterized by the following traits:
* Often poor academic and work performance, leading to academic failure and an inability to maintain a job in adulthood if not treated from a young age.
* Hyperactivity, excessive talking, impulsiveness, recklessness, and an inability to sit still for long periods, appearing restless and fidgety in their seat.
* Difficulty concentrating on any task and distractibility, even during conversations, making it seem as if they are not listening and lacking the patience to follow along, thus they rush to respond and speak inappropriately, interrupt others, and struggle to control themselves.
* Appears uninterested in all types of tasks that they are supposed to be focused on, and it is easy for their attention to be diverted.
* Does not adhere to rules and instructions given to them, nor to completing tasks, and does not think about the consequences of their actions.
* Frequently exposed to all types of accidents.
* May suffer from quick temper, violence, and lying.
* Weakness and disturbance in personal and social relationships.
* A desire to attract attention, even through negative means, especially to compensate for their poor performance in both academic and work aspects.
All these traits and their consequences can lead to the development of psychological and mental health issues if not handled properly, such as depression and excessive anxiety. It is important not to rush to medication before exhausting the effectiveness of behavioral, educational, and cognitive therapy; because medications are not without negative side effects, especially on the brains of children in the developmental stage. Many studies have shown that a technique called "Mindfulness Meditation" helps in treating hyperactivity at all ages, even in childhood. Therefore, some American schools have included it in their programs to support students suffering from hyperactivity, as it teaches and trains individuals to control their awareness, focus, and activity in a natural way. There are also studies on the positive effects of video games designed to treat hyperactivity as a form of "Biofeedback/Neurofeedback" therapy, which trains individuals to control their brain activity by making them monitor that activity and encouraging them towards the desired activity pattern, such as the game "Endeavor RX" from Akili Interactive, which has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment. Studies have also shown that the Western diet, rich in carbohydrates, fats, and sugars, increases hyperactivity; thus, healthy food and dietary supplements should be an essential part of the treatment program. Studies have indicated that exposure to environmental toxins, such as lead from wall paint and pesticides, can cause hyperactivity.
* Often poor academic and work performance, leading to academic failure and an inability to maintain a job in adulthood if not treated from a young age.
* Hyperactivity, excessive talking, impulsiveness, recklessness, and an inability to sit still for long periods, appearing restless and fidgety in their seat.
* Difficulty concentrating on any task and distractibility, even during conversations, making it seem as if they are not listening and lacking the patience to follow along, thus they rush to respond and speak inappropriately, interrupt others, and struggle to control themselves.
* Appears uninterested in all types of tasks that they are supposed to be focused on, and it is easy for their attention to be diverted.
* Does not adhere to rules and instructions given to them, nor to completing tasks, and does not think about the consequences of their actions.
* Frequently exposed to all types of accidents.
* May suffer from quick temper, violence, and lying.
* Weakness and disturbance in personal and social relationships.
* A desire to attract attention, even through negative means, especially to compensate for their poor performance in both academic and work aspects.
All these traits and their consequences can lead to the development of psychological and mental health issues if not handled properly, such as depression and excessive anxiety. It is important not to rush to medication before exhausting the effectiveness of behavioral, educational, and cognitive therapy; because medications are not without negative side effects, especially on the brains of children in the developmental stage. Many studies have shown that a technique called "Mindfulness Meditation" helps in treating hyperactivity at all ages, even in childhood. Therefore, some American schools have included it in their programs to support students suffering from hyperactivity, as it teaches and trains individuals to control their awareness, focus, and activity in a natural way. There are also studies on the positive effects of video games designed to treat hyperactivity as a form of "Biofeedback/Neurofeedback" therapy, which trains individuals to control their brain activity by making them monitor that activity and encouraging them towards the desired activity pattern, such as the game "Endeavor RX" from Akili Interactive, which has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment. Studies have also shown that the Western diet, rich in carbohydrates, fats, and sugars, increases hyperactivity; thus, healthy food and dietary supplements should be an essential part of the treatment program. Studies have indicated that exposure to environmental toxins, such as lead from wall paint and pesticides, can cause hyperactivity.


