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Coffee is one of the most popular beverages around the world, due to its numerous benefits; including increased alertness, improved athletic performance, and enhanced brain functions. However, according to Verywell Health, consuming it on an empty stomach may have negative effects on the body. The site explained that dark roasted coffee is less likely to cause increased acidity, and while some people can drink it safely, others may suffer from digestive disorders, sleep issues, and anxiety. It highlighted that the four main side effects of drinking coffee without food include hormonal changes due to the stimulation of cortisol, known as the stress hormone, increased stomach acidity and heartburn due to increased acid production, faster absorption of caffeine leading to tension and elevated blood pressure, and finally digestive problems including bloating, nausea, and diarrhea. Verywell Health also pointed out that some studies have indicated that lightly roasted coffee raises stomach acid more than dark roasted coffee, and that drinking it with food may reduce the speed of absorption and alleviate the severity of symptoms.