أفادت صحيفة «واشنطن بوست» بأن موسكو وكييف لا تزالان متباعدتين بشأن الشروط التي قد تقبلانها لإنهاء أكثر الحروب دموية في أوروبا منذ الحرب العالمية الثانية.
وذكرت أنه وسط جولة دبلوماسية سريعة شملت محادثات بين الرئيسين الأمريكي دونالد ترمب والروسي فلاديمير بوتين في ألاسكا، وأخرى في البيت الأبيض مع زيلينسكي وقادة أوروبيين، حافظ الزعيم الروسي على شروطه القصوى لأي تسوية محتملة، وبدا أن أوكرانيا وروسيا في طريق مسدود بشأن قضايا رئيسية، لخصتها الصحيفة كالتالي:
الأراضي
بعد 3 سنوات ونصف السنة من الحرب، تسيطر روسيا على نحو خمس مساحة أوكرانيا - وقد استبعد الكرملين التنازل عن أي من الأراضي التي استولى عليها، بعد أن ضم شبه جزيرة القرم عام 2014.
ومنذ أن غزت روسيا أوكرانيا عام 2022، ضمت بشكل غير قانوني مناطق أخرى، وقالت روسيا وفي مذكرة أصدرتها في يونيو، إن «المعيار الرئيسي» للتسوية النهائية هو الاعتراف القانوني الدولي بدمج جميع المناطق التي تسيطر عليها في الاتحاد الروسي، وأكد بوتين أن روسيا وأوكرانيا «شعب واحد. كيان واحد». واتهم الغرب باستخدام أوكرانيا «كمشروع عدواني مناهض لروسيا».
أما زيلينسكي فقد ظل يؤكد أن أوكرانيا لن تتنازل عن أية أراض، وقال قبل اجتماعه مع ترمب إن مسألة الأراضي بالغة الأهمية، ولا تنبغي مناقشتها إلا «على المستوى الثلاثي بين أوكرانيا والولايات المتحدة وروسيا»، ولكن ترمب دعا لمناقشة التبادل المحتمل للأراضي، مع مراعاة خطوط الحرب الحالية.
وتشمل شروط روسيا أيضا نزع سلاح أوكرانيا، وتحديد الحد الأقصى لعدد القوات المسلحة الأوكرانية، والأسلحة «وخصائصها المسموح بها»، كما تطلب تأكيدا بأن أوكرانيا لا تمتلك أسلحة نووية ولن تقبل بها، علما أن كييف تخلت عن أسلحتها النووية عام 1994، مقابل ضمانات أمنية من روسيا.
الحياد والضمانات الأمنية
ترفض موسكو إمكانية توسيع حلف شمال الأطلسي، وأعلنت أن المعيار الرئيسي لاتفاقية السلام سيكون «حياد أوكرانيا»، أي رفض انضمامها إلى التحالفات والائتلافات العسكرية، بالإضافة إلى المعاهدات الدولية التي تنتهك مبدأ الحياد.
ولكن زيلينسكي يرى أن عضوية أوكرانيا في التحالف ضمانة أمنية رئيسية، ويعتبر أن انضمام بلاده للاتحاد الأوروبي جزء من الضمانات الأمنية، لكن ترمب قال إنه بالنسبة لأوكرانيا، «لا عودة» لشبه جزيرة القرم و«لا انضمام إلى الناتو».
وكان المبعوث الأمريكي ستيف ويتكوف أعلن قبل يوم من زيارة زيلينسكي للبيت الأبيض، أن الولايات المتحدة «مستعدة لتقديم ضمانات أمنية بموجب المادة الخامسة، ولكن ليس من الناتو مباشرة، بل من الولايات المتحدة ودول أوروبية أخرى».
فيما استبعد الكرملين وجود قوات حفظ سلام أجنبية في أوكرانيا، خصوصا من دول الناتو، وقال إن اتفاق السلام سيتطلب حظرا على النشاط العسكري لدول ثالثة على أراضي أوكرانيا.
تخفيف العقوبات
يؤكد الكرملين علنا أن جميع العقوبات غير قانونية ويجب رفعها، إلا أن موسكو سرا سترحب بأي تخفيف للعقوبات الأمريكية، وطالبت برفع جميع العقوبات الاقتصادية بين روسيا وأوكرانيا.
وكان من أهم الإجراءات التي واجهتها روسيا تجميد أكثر من 300 مليار دولار من أصول البنك المركزي الروسي في الغرب، إذ اعتمد الاتحاد الأوروبي العام الماضي خطة لاستخدام الفوائد المتأتية من هذه الأصول المجمدة لدعم أوكرانيا، وهو ما دانه بوتين ووصفه بأنه «سرقة».
«واشنطن بوست»: روسيا وأوكرانيا بعيدتان عن إنهاء الحرب
20 أغسطس 2025 - 13:21
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آخر تحديث 20 أغسطس 2025 - 13:21
ترمب وبوتين
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
«عكاظ» (واشنطن)okaz_online@
The Washington Post reported that Moscow and Kyiv remain far apart on the terms they might accept to end the deadliest war in Europe since World War II.
It mentioned that amid a rapid diplomatic round that included talks between U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Alaska, as well as another meeting at the White House with Zelensky and European leaders, the Russian leader maintained his maximum demands for any potential settlement, and it appeared that Ukraine and Russia were at an impasse on key issues, which the newspaper summarized as follows:
Territory
After three and a half years of war, Russia controls about one-fifth of Ukraine's territory - and the Kremlin has ruled out conceding any of the land it has seized, having annexed Crimea in 2014.
Since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, it has illegally annexed other regions, and Russia stated in a memo issued in June that the "main criterion" for a final settlement is international legal recognition of the incorporation of all territories it controls into the Russian Federation. Putin emphasized that Russia and Ukraine are "one people. One entity." He accused the West of using Ukraine as "an aggressive anti-Russia project."
On the other hand, Zelensky has continued to assert that Ukraine will not concede any territory, stating before his meeting with Trump that the issue of territory is extremely important and should only be discussed "at the trilateral level between Ukraine, the United States, and Russia." However, Trump called for a discussion on the potential exchange of territories, taking into account the current lines of war.
Russia's conditions also include the disarmament of Ukraine, setting a maximum number of Ukrainian armed forces, and specifying "the types of weapons and their allowed characteristics." It also demands confirmation that Ukraine does not possess nuclear weapons and will not accept them, noting that Kyiv gave up its nuclear arsenal in 1994 in exchange for security guarantees from Russia.
Neutrality and Security Guarantees
Moscow rejects the possibility of NATO expansion and announced that the main criterion for a peace agreement would be "Ukraine's neutrality," meaning a refusal to join military alliances and coalitions, as well as international treaties that violate the principle of neutrality.
However, Zelensky believes that Ukraine's membership in the alliance is a key security guarantee and considers his country's accession to the European Union as part of the security guarantees. Trump, however, stated that for Ukraine, "there is no return" of Crimea and "no joining NATO."
U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff announced a day before Zelensky's visit to the White House that the United States "is ready to provide security guarantees under Article Five, but not directly from NATO, rather from the United States and other European countries."
Meanwhile, the Kremlin ruled out the presence of foreign peacekeeping forces in Ukraine, especially from NATO countries, stating that a peace agreement would require a ban on military activities of third countries on Ukrainian territory.
Sanctions Relief
The Kremlin publicly asserts that all sanctions are illegal and must be lifted, yet Moscow secretly welcomes any easing of U.S. sanctions and has called for the lifting of all economic sanctions between Russia and Ukraine.
One of the most significant measures faced by Russia was the freezing of over $300 billion of the Russian central bank's assets in the West, as the European Union adopted a plan last year to use the interest generated from these frozen assets to support Ukraine, which Putin condemned and described as "theft."
It mentioned that amid a rapid diplomatic round that included talks between U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Alaska, as well as another meeting at the White House with Zelensky and European leaders, the Russian leader maintained his maximum demands for any potential settlement, and it appeared that Ukraine and Russia were at an impasse on key issues, which the newspaper summarized as follows:
Territory
After three and a half years of war, Russia controls about one-fifth of Ukraine's territory - and the Kremlin has ruled out conceding any of the land it has seized, having annexed Crimea in 2014.
Since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, it has illegally annexed other regions, and Russia stated in a memo issued in June that the "main criterion" for a final settlement is international legal recognition of the incorporation of all territories it controls into the Russian Federation. Putin emphasized that Russia and Ukraine are "one people. One entity." He accused the West of using Ukraine as "an aggressive anti-Russia project."
On the other hand, Zelensky has continued to assert that Ukraine will not concede any territory, stating before his meeting with Trump that the issue of territory is extremely important and should only be discussed "at the trilateral level between Ukraine, the United States, and Russia." However, Trump called for a discussion on the potential exchange of territories, taking into account the current lines of war.
Russia's conditions also include the disarmament of Ukraine, setting a maximum number of Ukrainian armed forces, and specifying "the types of weapons and their allowed characteristics." It also demands confirmation that Ukraine does not possess nuclear weapons and will not accept them, noting that Kyiv gave up its nuclear arsenal in 1994 in exchange for security guarantees from Russia.
Neutrality and Security Guarantees
Moscow rejects the possibility of NATO expansion and announced that the main criterion for a peace agreement would be "Ukraine's neutrality," meaning a refusal to join military alliances and coalitions, as well as international treaties that violate the principle of neutrality.
However, Zelensky believes that Ukraine's membership in the alliance is a key security guarantee and considers his country's accession to the European Union as part of the security guarantees. Trump, however, stated that for Ukraine, "there is no return" of Crimea and "no joining NATO."
U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff announced a day before Zelensky's visit to the White House that the United States "is ready to provide security guarantees under Article Five, but not directly from NATO, rather from the United States and other European countries."
Meanwhile, the Kremlin ruled out the presence of foreign peacekeeping forces in Ukraine, especially from NATO countries, stating that a peace agreement would require a ban on military activities of third countries on Ukrainian territory.
Sanctions Relief
The Kremlin publicly asserts that all sanctions are illegal and must be lifted, yet Moscow secretly welcomes any easing of U.S. sanctions and has called for the lifting of all economic sanctions between Russia and Ukraine.
One of the most significant measures faced by Russia was the freezing of over $300 billion of the Russian central bank's assets in the West, as the European Union adopted a plan last year to use the interest generated from these frozen assets to support Ukraine, which Putin condemned and described as "theft."