في ظل التطوّرات الطبية الحديثة، يبرز موضوع «تجميد الحيوانات المنوية» للأزواج، وحفظ «البويضات» للزوجات خياراً لمن يرغب في الحفاظ على فرص الإنجاب، فما الشروط والضوابط التي تحكم هذا الإجراء، وما الآراء الطبية والشرعية حوله؟
عن هذه الجدلية قال عضو هيئة كبار العلماء الشيخ عبدالله المطلق لـ«عكاظ»: «عندما يتم تجميد الخلايا المنوية لمدة 10 أعوام أو 20 عاماً، ينبغي أن تكون هناك احتياطات على أساس أنه ما يُلقح بها إلا الزوجة، ولا يتم إعطاؤها لامرأة أجنبية».
وأضاف: «إما تكون محفوظة للزوج وزوجته للاحتياجات المستقبلية فلا بأس في ذلك وفق شروط محددة». وأوضح: «في حقيقة الأمر الخلايا المنوية هي التي تخزّن وتلقّح في بويضة حيّة من المرأة، ومن الناحية الشرعية لا خلاف على ذلك إذا كانت تخص الزوجين بالحلال».
من جانبه، أوضح استشاري العقم وتقنيات المساعدة على الإنجاب وطب النساء والولادة الدكتور ناصر زياد السعد لـ«عكاظ»، أن فعالية تجميد البويضات في حالات مرضى السرطان عالية، ويُعد هذا الإجراء خياراً ممتازاً للمحافظة على فرص الإنجاب، ويُسمح حالياً بتجميد البويضات لحالات مرضى السرطان وفقاً لما أقرته هيئة كبار العلماء. ويهدف الإجراء إلى الحفاظ على الخصوبة لدى المريضة التي يُتوقع أن تتلقى علاجاً كيماوياً أو إشعاعياً قد يُؤثر سلباً على المبيضين. ولذلك، يتم تجميد البويضات قبل بدء العلاج، ليتسنى استخدامها لاحقاً عند رغبة المريضة في الإنجاب.
وأشار السعد، إلى أنه من الناحية العلمية والطبية يمكن حفظ البويضات لمدة تصل إلى 20 عاماً، دون أن تتأثر كفاءتها إذا تم تخزينها في ظروف مثالية.
وحتى الآن لا توجد دراسات علمية موثقة تُثبت أن هناك نسبة تشوهات أعلى في الأجنة الناتجة من بويضات مجمدة مقارنة بالبويضات الطازجة، لكن من المهم التنبيه إلى أن عدد البويضات المجمدة له دور كبير في فرص النجاح. فكلما كان عدد البويضات أكثر زادت احتمالية الحصول على جنين سليم يمكن إرجاعه إلى الرحم. ونبّه إلى أنه في حال تجميد عدد قليل من البويضات، مثلاً 3 بويضات فقط، فإن فرصة الحصول على حمل ناجح تكون منخفضة.
محامٍ: «نظام وحدات الإخصاب والأجنة»
هو المرجعية الحاسمة
المحامي إبراهيم حكمي، أوضح أنه في خضم التطوّرات الطبية المتسارعة التي تمنح أملاً متجدّداً للكثيرين، تبرز تقنية حفظ الخلايا المنوية، و«تجميد البويضات» من أهم هذه المنجزات، إلا أن هذا الأمل لا يُترك في مجتمعنا دون إطار، بل يحتضنه القانون لينظمه ويوجهه، محققاً توازناً دقيقاً بين الانفتاح على العلم الحديث والحفاظ على المبادئ الشرعية والقيم الاجتماعية الراسخة.
وأكد لـ«عكاظ»، أن المرجعية القانونية الحاسمة في هذا المجال هي «نظام وحدات الإخصاب والأجنة وعلاج العقم»، الذي وضع قواعد واضحة ومُلزمة تضمن ممارسة هذه التقنيات الطبية بمسؤولية وأمانة.
ويقوم النظام على ركائز أساسية؛ أولها وأهمها هو ارتباط مشروعية الإجراء بكيان الأسرة، فقد جاءت المادة الرابعة من النظام لتؤكد على هذا المبدأ، إذ حظرت بشكل صريح تخصيب البويضة بعد انتهاء الرابطة الزوجية بسبب طلاق أو وفاة، وبهذا، يضمن القانون أن تظل هذه التقنية وسيلة لتعزيز الأسرة القائمة لا مدخلاً لنزاعات مستقبلية. وأضاف: تأكيداً على ذلك، جاءت الركيزة الثانية متمثلة في حماية نقاء النسب، إذ منعت المادة الخامسة منعاً باتاً تدخل أي طرف ثالث في عملية الإخصاب، سواء بالاستعانة بنطفة أو بويضة من خارج العلاقة الزوجية، أو بما يعرف بـ«تأجير الأرحام».
وزاد: هذه الضوابط ليست مجرد توصيات، فقد شدّد المنظّم على أهميتها من خلال فرض عقوبات جزائية رادعة نصت عليها المادة الـ32، وتصل إلى السجن والغرامة، لمن يتجاوز هذه الحدود.
وعاد المحامي الحكمي للقول: إن النهج القانوني في المملكة لا يهدف إلى وضع العوائق أمام التقدم الطبي، بل إلى توجيهه بما يخدم الإنسان ويحمي المجتمع، ويسمح للأمل بأن ينمو، ولكن داخل إطار آمن من المبادئ الأخلاقية والضوابط القانونية التي تصون كرامة الفرد وقدسية الأسرة.
نوف الغامدي لـ«عكاظ»:
تجربتي لم تكن ناجحة!
كشفت نوف الغامدي تجربتها في تجميد البويضات، في حديثها لـ«عكاظ»، والنتائج التي حققتها من هذه التجربة، وقالت: «بالاتفاق مع زوجي قمت بتجميد بويضات لفترة معينة لظروف صحية، وعندما حاولنا الإنجاب من خلال عملية التلقيح لم تنجح ولم يحدث الحمل، وهو أمر وارد طبياً بحسب ما أخبرنا به الأطباء، لكن تنجح في محاولات أخرى بحسب كثير من التجارب». وأوضحت، أن بعض السيدات يفكرن بتجميد البويضات لأسباب اجتماعية أو صحية أو مهنية أو ظروف أسرية معينة، مثل الدراسة والعمل والعنوسة وغيرها. وأشارت إلى أن بعض السيدات يلجأن لهذه الفكرة في حال معاناتهن من انخفاض مخزون المبيض مبكراً.
يمكن تخزينها 20 عاماً.. سيدات يلجأن لحفظ «البويضات»
عضو «كبار العلماء» لـ«عكاظ»: تجميد «الخلايا المنوية» جائز.. بشروط
23 يوليو 2025 - 22:30
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آخر تحديث 23 يوليو 2025 - 22:30
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
بدرية آل عمر (الرياض) bdoo_202@
In light of modern medical developments, the topic of "sperm freezing" for couples and the preservation of "eggs" for wives emerges as an option for those wishing to maintain their chances of conception. What are the conditions and regulations governing this procedure, and what are the medical and legal opinions surrounding it?
Regarding this controversy, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutlaq, a member of the Council of Senior Scholars, told "Okaz": "When sperm cells are frozen for 10 or 20 years, there should be precautions in place to ensure that they are only used to fertilize the wife, and not given to a foreign woman."
He added: "They can either be preserved for the husband and wife for future needs, which is permissible under specific conditions." He explained: "In fact, sperm cells are stored and fertilized in a living egg from the woman, and from a legal perspective, there is no disagreement on this if it pertains to the couple in a lawful manner."
For his part, Dr. Nasser Ziad Al-Saad, a consultant in infertility, reproductive assistance technologies, and obstetrics and gynecology, explained to "Okaz" that the effectiveness of egg freezing in cancer patients is high, and this procedure is considered an excellent option for preserving fertility. Currently, egg freezing is allowed for cancer patients according to what has been approved by the Council of Senior Scholars. The procedure aims to preserve the fertility of patients expected to undergo chemotherapy or radiation treatment that may negatively affect the ovaries. Therefore, eggs are frozen before starting treatment, allowing them to be used later when the patient wishes to conceive.
Al-Saad pointed out that scientifically and medically, eggs can be preserved for up to 20 years without losing their efficiency if stored under ideal conditions.
So far, there are no documented scientific studies proving that there is a higher rate of abnormalities in embryos resulting from frozen eggs compared to fresh eggs. However, it is important to note that the number of frozen eggs plays a significant role in the chances of success. The more eggs there are, the higher the likelihood of obtaining a healthy embryo that can be returned to the uterus. He warned that if only a few eggs are frozen, for example, just 3 eggs, the chance of achieving a successful pregnancy is low.
Lawyer: "The Fertility and Embryo Units System"
is the decisive reference
Lawyer Ibrahim Hakami explained that amidst the rapid medical developments that offer renewed hope to many, the technology of preserving sperm cells and "egg freezing" stands out as one of the most important achievements. However, this hope is not left in our society without a framework; rather, it is embraced by the law to regulate and guide it, achieving a delicate balance between openness to modern science and maintaining established legal principles and social values.
He confirmed to "Okaz" that the decisive legal reference in this field is the "Fertility and Embryo Units and Infertility Treatment System," which established clear and binding rules to ensure the responsible and ethical practice of these medical technologies.
The system is based on essential pillars; the first and most important is the connection of the procedure's legitimacy to the family unit. Article four of the system explicitly prohibits fertilizing an egg after the marital bond has ended due to divorce or death, thereby ensuring that this technology remains a means to strengthen existing families and not a gateway to future disputes. He added: To emphasize this, the second pillar is represented in protecting the purity of lineage, as Article five strictly prohibits any third party from intervening in the fertilization process, whether by using sperm or eggs from outside the marital relationship or what is known as "surrogacy."
He added: These regulations are not merely recommendations; the regulator has emphasized their importance by imposing deterrent penalties stipulated in Article 32, which can lead to imprisonment and fines for those who exceed these limits.
The lawyer Hakami reiterated that the legal approach in the Kingdom does not aim to place obstacles in the way of medical progress but rather to guide it in a manner that serves humanity and protects society, allowing hope to flourish within a safe framework of ethical principles and legal regulations that preserve individual dignity and the sanctity of the family.
Nawaf Al-Ghamdi to "Okaz":
My experience was not successful!
Nawaf Al-Ghamdi revealed her experience with egg freezing in her conversation with "Okaz," discussing the results she achieved from this experience. She said: "In agreement with my husband, I froze eggs for a certain period due to health conditions, and when we tried to conceive through the fertilization process, it did not succeed, and pregnancy did not occur, which is a medically possible outcome according to what the doctors informed us. However, it may succeed in other attempts, according to many experiences." She explained that some women consider freezing their eggs for social, health, professional, or specific family circumstances, such as studying, working, or being single, among others. She noted that some women resort to this idea if they suffer from early low ovarian reserve.
Regarding this controversy, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutlaq, a member of the Council of Senior Scholars, told "Okaz": "When sperm cells are frozen for 10 or 20 years, there should be precautions in place to ensure that they are only used to fertilize the wife, and not given to a foreign woman."
He added: "They can either be preserved for the husband and wife for future needs, which is permissible under specific conditions." He explained: "In fact, sperm cells are stored and fertilized in a living egg from the woman, and from a legal perspective, there is no disagreement on this if it pertains to the couple in a lawful manner."
For his part, Dr. Nasser Ziad Al-Saad, a consultant in infertility, reproductive assistance technologies, and obstetrics and gynecology, explained to "Okaz" that the effectiveness of egg freezing in cancer patients is high, and this procedure is considered an excellent option for preserving fertility. Currently, egg freezing is allowed for cancer patients according to what has been approved by the Council of Senior Scholars. The procedure aims to preserve the fertility of patients expected to undergo chemotherapy or radiation treatment that may negatively affect the ovaries. Therefore, eggs are frozen before starting treatment, allowing them to be used later when the patient wishes to conceive.
Al-Saad pointed out that scientifically and medically, eggs can be preserved for up to 20 years without losing their efficiency if stored under ideal conditions.
So far, there are no documented scientific studies proving that there is a higher rate of abnormalities in embryos resulting from frozen eggs compared to fresh eggs. However, it is important to note that the number of frozen eggs plays a significant role in the chances of success. The more eggs there are, the higher the likelihood of obtaining a healthy embryo that can be returned to the uterus. He warned that if only a few eggs are frozen, for example, just 3 eggs, the chance of achieving a successful pregnancy is low.
Lawyer: "The Fertility and Embryo Units System"
is the decisive reference
Lawyer Ibrahim Hakami explained that amidst the rapid medical developments that offer renewed hope to many, the technology of preserving sperm cells and "egg freezing" stands out as one of the most important achievements. However, this hope is not left in our society without a framework; rather, it is embraced by the law to regulate and guide it, achieving a delicate balance between openness to modern science and maintaining established legal principles and social values.
He confirmed to "Okaz" that the decisive legal reference in this field is the "Fertility and Embryo Units and Infertility Treatment System," which established clear and binding rules to ensure the responsible and ethical practice of these medical technologies.
The system is based on essential pillars; the first and most important is the connection of the procedure's legitimacy to the family unit. Article four of the system explicitly prohibits fertilizing an egg after the marital bond has ended due to divorce or death, thereby ensuring that this technology remains a means to strengthen existing families and not a gateway to future disputes. He added: To emphasize this, the second pillar is represented in protecting the purity of lineage, as Article five strictly prohibits any third party from intervening in the fertilization process, whether by using sperm or eggs from outside the marital relationship or what is known as "surrogacy."
He added: These regulations are not merely recommendations; the regulator has emphasized their importance by imposing deterrent penalties stipulated in Article 32, which can lead to imprisonment and fines for those who exceed these limits.
The lawyer Hakami reiterated that the legal approach in the Kingdom does not aim to place obstacles in the way of medical progress but rather to guide it in a manner that serves humanity and protects society, allowing hope to flourish within a safe framework of ethical principles and legal regulations that preserve individual dignity and the sanctity of the family.
Nawaf Al-Ghamdi to "Okaz":
My experience was not successful!
Nawaf Al-Ghamdi revealed her experience with egg freezing in her conversation with "Okaz," discussing the results she achieved from this experience. She said: "In agreement with my husband, I froze eggs for a certain period due to health conditions, and when we tried to conceive through the fertilization process, it did not succeed, and pregnancy did not occur, which is a medically possible outcome according to what the doctors informed us. However, it may succeed in other attempts, according to many experiences." She explained that some women consider freezing their eggs for social, health, professional, or specific family circumstances, such as studying, working, or being single, among others. She noted that some women resort to this idea if they suffer from early low ovarian reserve.
