في مواجهة التحديات اليومية والأمور الصعبة في الحياة، يتعرّض معظم الناس للتوتر أو الضغط النفسي، فيفقدون السيطرة على تصرفاتهم ويخسرون أشياء مهمة في حياتهم، وقد تصل إلى عدم القدرة على إنجاز المهام اليومية، خصوصاً بعد بلوغ أحدهم مرحلة نفسية حرجة، تبدأ بالانهيار العصبي وتنتهي بوقوع حوادث مؤلمة.. وبحسب آراء المختصين النفسيين قد تصل الحالة إلى مرحلة وخيمة. ويرون أن الرجال أكثر قابلية من النساء للتوتر والقلق بسبب الفروقات بينهما، ومن الضروري أن يتحلّى الإنسان بالصبر عند المحن والتريث عند اتخاذ القرارات المهمة في حياته والاستشارة لبعضها لتخفيف الضغط النفسي والابتعاد قدر الإمكان البعد عن أي توترات ثم اللجوء إلى بعض التمارين عند الغضب لتخفيف التوتر واستعادة هدوء البال والسكينة، مع ضرورة مراجعة المختصين النفسيين.
القلق.. التوتر.. هناك فرق !
استشاري الطب النفسي الدكتور محمد الحامد، وصف القلق والتوتر أنهما ردود فعل نفسية وجسدية طبيعية تجاه المواقف التي تعتبر ضاغطة أو غير مألوفة، ويمكن أن يكون القلق حالة من التوتر المستمر الذي يشعر به الفرد حيال أحداث أو مواقف مستقبلية قد تكون غير مؤكدة، أو قد تكون تهديدات مباشرة لصحة الفرد أو رفاهيته. أما التوتر العام، فيتمثل في شعور بالضغط النفسي الذي ينتج عن متطلبات الحياة اليومية، فالفرق بين القلق والتوتر ليس دائماً واضحاً؛ فالتوتر غالباً ما يتعلق برد فعل سريع تجاه موقف معين، بينما القلق يعد شعوراً مستمراً يشمل التوتر، لكن يمكن أن يكون أكثر شدة ويستمر لفترات أطول في بعض الحالات، ويمكن أن يتطور القلق ليصبح اضطراباً نفسياً حقيقياً، في حين أن التوتر عادة ما يكون حالة مؤقتة. وتشير بعض الدراسات إلى أن الرجال غالباً ما يُظهرون سلوكيات مرتبطة بالتوتر والقلق بشكل مختلف مقارنة بالنساء، ويميلون إلى إخفاء مشاعرهم من القلق والتوتر؛ بسبب المعايير الاجتماعية التي تدعوهم إلى التحلي بالقوة وعدم إظهار الضعف، وقد يؤدي هذا إلى تأجيل التعامل مع التوتر والقلق، ما يزيد من احتمالية تفاقم الأعراض على المدى الطويل، علاوة على ذلك، يوجه الرجال عادةً طاقتهم تجاه الأنشطة الجسدية أو المهنية كطريقة لتخفيف القلق، ويميلون إلى ممارسة الرياضة أو الانغماس في العمل كمحفزات للتعامل مع مشاعرهم السلبية، ومع ذلك، يتأثر الرجال بالضغوط الاجتماعية المرتبطة بأدوارهم التقليدية في المجتمع، فقد يُتوقع منهم أن يكونوا المعيلين الرئيسيين للأسرة أو يتحملوا مسؤوليات مهنية عالية، ما يؤدي إلى زيادة مستويات التوتر، كما أن الرجال أكثر عرضة للإصابة بأمراض جسدية مرتبطة بالتوتر مثل ارتفاع ضغط الدم وأمراض القلب؛ نتيجة لعدم التعامل الفعال مع مشاعر القلق والتوتر.
النساء أكثر عرضةً للتقلبات
استشاري الطب النفسي الحامد يضيف لـ«عكاظ»: الدراسات تشير إلى أن النساء يُظهرن مستويات أعلى من القلق مقارنة بالرجال، ويعود ذلك إلى عوامل بيولوجية، مثل الاختلافات الهرمونية، فضلاً عن العوامل الاجتماعية والنفسية، فالنساء، بسبب تقاليد اجتماعية وثقافية، يُتوقع منهن أداء أدوار متعددة مثل رعاية الأسرة والعمل، ما يضع عليهن ضغوطاً نفسية تتسبب في الشعور المستمر بالتوتر، كما أنهن يملن إلى التعبير عن مشاعرهن بشكل أكثر انفتاحاً مقارنة بالرجال، فعلى سبيل المثال، قد يتحدثن عن مشاعر القلق والتوتر مع الأصدقاء أو الأفراد المقربين، ما يساعدهن على التعامل مع المشاعر بشكل فعال، ورغم أن هذا يمكن أن يكون مفيداً في تقليل حدة القلق، إلا أن النساء قد يتعرضن لضغوط نفسية أكبر نتيجة للضغط المزدوج من العمل والأسرة، وتعد الاختلافات البيولوجية والهرمونية أحد العوامل التي تساهم في تباين ردود فعل الرجال والنساء تجاه القلق والتوتر، على سبيل المثال، أظهرت الدراسات أن هرمون الأستروجين الذي يتواجد بتركيزات أعلى لدى النساء، يؤثر على استجابة الدماغ للتوتر، كما أن النساء في سن الإنجاب يكن أكثر عرضة للتقلبات المزاجية والقلق نتيجة لتغيرات هرمونية، خصوصاً أثناء الدورة الشهرية، الحمل، أو سن اليأس.
ومن ناحية أخرى، يُفرز هرمون التستوستيرون عند الرجال في مستويات أعلى، ويعتقد البعض أن هذا الهرمون قد يساهم في تقليل الاستجابة للتوتر. هذا يفسر جزئياً سبب تقليل الرجال من التفاعل مع مشاعر القلق مقارنة بالنساء، وبالرغم من ذلك، لا يعني هذا أن الرجال لا يعانون من القلق والتوتر، بل قد يعني ببساطة أنهم يظهرون ردود فعل مختلفة.
تأمّلْ ثم تنفّسْ بعمق !
ويرى الدكتور الحامد أن البيئة الاجتماعية والثقافية تؤثر بشكل كبير على كيفية تعامل الأفراد مع القلق والتوتر، ففي العديد من الثقافات، يُتوقع من الرجال أن يكونوا أقوياء عاطفياً وألّا يظهروا علامات الضعف، ما يجعلهم أكثر ميلاً إلى كبت مشاعر القلق أو التوتر، وفي المقابل، يُتوقع من النساء أن يكنّ أكثر تعبيراً عن مشاعرهن، وهو ما قد يساعدهن على التعامل مع مشاعر القلق بشكل مباشر، ومع ذلك، قد تواجه النساء ضغطاً اجتماعياً أكبر لتحقيق توازن بين الحياة العملية والعائلية، ما يسبب لهن مستويات عالية من التوتر.
ويطرح استشاري الطب النفسي الحامد، استراتيجيات يمكن أن تساعد كلاً من الرجال والنساء في التعامل مع القلق والتوتر بشكل أكثر فعالية من خلال، ممارسة الرياضة واللجوء إلى تقنيات الاسترخاء مثل التأمل والتنفس العميق، والدعم الاجتماعي من خلال الأصدقاء والعائلة، والاستشارة النفسية والعلاج السلوكي المعرفي.
المعاناة تولد الإبداع
الأخصائي النفسي في مركز خدمات التربية الخاصة بمكة المكرمة الدكتور أحمد الغامدي، يرى أن الإنسان مزود بآليات تعمل على حماية حياته والحفاظ عليها، فالإنسان يخاف من الأخطار ويتعامل جسدياً ونفسياً مع المواقف الضاغطة، ومن أبرز التغيرات التي تحدث للإنسان التوتر، ويمكن تعريفه بأنه حالة من التغير الفسيولوجي والسيكولوجي المفاجئ كرد فعل نفسي لموقف خارجي، ومن المفترض بعد زوال الموقف الضاغط أن يعود الإنسان لوضعه الطبيعي، ومن الممكن أن يكون التوتر مبالغاً فيه من مواقف عادية أو ينتج عنه سلوك هروبي؛ ما يجعل الفرد ينسحب من الرهاب الاجتماعي، وعند الحديث عن التوتر والضغوط يمكننا القول بأن التوتر وما يصاحبه من قلق مطلوب بشكل بسيط، إذ يساعدنا على الإنجاز ويكون دافعاً لنا لمواجهة ضغوط الحياة والإنجاز وهو نوع من التحدي الذي يعيشه الفرد، فتجد الطلاب قبل الامتحانات يعيشون نوعاً من التوتر الذي يدفعهم للمذاكرة والتفوق، فالتوتر النفسي البسيط مفيد، أما إذا كان التوتر مبالغاً فيه من أمور لا تثير القلق عادة أو ينتج عنه تعطل لحياتنا اليومية وضعف علاقتنا الاجتماعية أو تصاحبه حالة من الرعشة وزيادة ضربات القلب وضيق التنفس والتعرق الشديد، هنا نقول للشخص لا بد من أن يطلب المساعدة من المختصين النفسيين، إضافة لبعض الآليات التي من الممكن أن يستخدمها الفرد كمساعدة ذاتية مثل الاطلاع على كتب المساعدة الذاتية النفسية لمواجهة الضغوط، ويمكننا أن نقول للشخص المتوتر إن التوتر لا يقتل بل واجه مخاوفك وتوترك، فالتوتر هو دورة يبلغ التوتر ذروته ومن ثم سيعود الإنسان لطبيعته، ولكن مشاعر الخوف والأفكار المصاحبة هي من تجعل الإنسان يهرب أو ينسحب ولا يواجه التوتر النفسي، وإن أكبر جريمة يرتكبها الشخص المصاب بالتوتر النفسي المرضي هو إهمال نفسه وعدم طلب المساعدة من المختصين لأن هذا التوتر النفسي -لا قدر الله- قد يؤدي بالشخص إلى الإصابة بأمراض نفسية وجسدية تؤثر على صحته وحياته.
الصغار يقلقون بِعضّ الأصابع
الدكتور الغامدي يضيف قائلاً لـ«عكاظ»: من الطرق الجيدة في مواجهة التوتر النفسي ممارسة التأمل واليقظة الذهنية والتفكير الإيجابي، وفي حالات التوتر النفسي المرضي لا يستغني الفرد عن استشارة المختصين للخضوع لجلسات إرشادية وتكتيكات تناسب الحال وتزداد مخاطر التوتر النفسي لدى الأشخاص الذين يعانون من أمراض مزمنة مثل تصلب الشرايين والسكر والضغط ومن يعاني من الأمراض النفسية كالرهاب الاجتماعي والاكتئاب والذهان وغيرها، وتزداد كذلك لدى الحوامل، فالتوتر النفسي للأم الحامل ينعكس على وضعها الصحي والنفسي وكذلك على صحة الجنين، كما أن الأطفال أيضاً يعانون من حالات التوتر النفسي وتبرز حالات مختلفة لديهم عن الكبار، فالطفل إذا لم يتعرض للتدريج في الفطام في سن مبكرة وتم منعه من حليب الأم أو الرضاعة الصناعية بشكل مفاجئ، يسبب له ذلك توتراً نفسياً ويجعل الطفل يعوض بمص أصابعه وقضم الأظافر، حيث إن من أبرز علامات التوتر النفسي للأطفال قضم الأظافر وقلق الانفصال عن الوالدين أثناء الذهاب للمدرسة، فيحتاج في هذه الحالة إلى تهيئة وتدرج عند بداية دخوله المدرسة، إضافة إلى أن الخلافات الأسرية بين الوالدين تؤثر على الحالة النفسية للأطفال.
وختم الغامدي حديثه لـ«عكاظ» بقوله: هنالك عادات لدى بعض الأفراد كالتدخين أو سلوكيات إدمانية أخرى مثل التعلق بالإنترنت والهاتف المحمول، عند انقطاعها يصابون بالتوتر، فالانقطاع عن التدخين أو وجود في مكان لا تغطيه الشبكة أو انتهاء بطارية الهاتف المحمول يصاب صاحبها بالتوتر نتيجة انقطاعه وعدم ممارسة سلوكه الإدماني وهذه أشبه بالأعراض الانسحابية فتحتاج إلى يقظه واستبدال عادات سليمة ومفيدة بها.
الكسالى لا يتفاعلون
الاستشاري النفسي بكلية الطب بجامعة الطائف البروفيسور علي بن صحفان، يرى أن الإجهاد أو التوتر النفسي أو المعروف (بالإنجليزية: Stress) رد فعل الجسم لأي تغيير عضوي أو بيئي، ونحن النفسيين نقول لأي مريض عليك بفحص نفسك «عضوياً» قبل البحث عن الدواء أو العلاج النفسي، وأهم الأشياء هي فحص قصور الغدة الدرقية، وفيتامين (D)، وفيتامين (B12)، ومتى تأكد سلامتها في وضعه الطبيعي هنا نقول إن المشكلة نفسية.
ويقول لـ«عكاظ»: ففي المجال النفسي يوجد بعض الشخصيات يتوفر لديها توتر «إيجابي» يساعدها على التفوق والإبداع، لكنهم يعانون من وجود جرعات من التوتر كل ذلك بسبب رغبته في النجاح، وهنا لا يستطيع «الكسالى» التأقلم مع هذا القائد، وعلى الرغم من موافقتنا لطموحه، وهو طموح مطلوب، لكننا في نفس الوقت نقول إن زاد هذا الأمر عن حده فسيدمر الإنسان ويجعل الناس ينفرون من حوله؛ لأن الكم من التوتر يمنع صاحبه من إنجاز المهام اليومية الملقاة على عاتقه، ويحدث له ما يعرف بالإجهاد السيئ بسبب تراكم الضغط؛ لأن الجسم بمجرد أن يشعر بوجود الكثير من الضغط يبدأ بالانهيار التدريجي وعندها يبدأ الدماغ بإرسال بعض الأعراض التي تشير إلى أن هناك مشكلة تتمثل في القلق، والتعرق، والصداع، وسرعة التنفس؛ لذلك متى شعر أي شخص بهذه الأمور فلا بد من مراجعة مختص نفسي للوقوف على الأسباب والتي عادة تكون مؤثرات خارجية، أو داخليه مثل الضغوط الأسرية، والمالية، والمشاكل العاطفية، وضغوط في العمل، مشاكل في العلاقة الزوجية. وللسيطرة أو التخفيف من التوتر يشير الدكتور علي بن صحفان، إلى أنه لا بد من أخذ قسط كاف من النوم، لا سيما النوم مبكراً، والأكل الصحي والبعد عن الأكلات السريعة، والابتعاد عن الأفكار والمعتقدات السلبية والمدخلات الخاطئة باستخدام «آلية صرف الانتباه» من العلاج السلوكي المعرفي، وتعلم وممارسة تقنيات الاسترخاء التنفسي والتأمل، واليوغا، وممارسة التمارين الرياضية اليومية والمجهدة وبانتظام، وتعلم إدارة الوقت وبشكل أكثر فعالية، وتوزيع الوقت بين الأهل والعمل والأصدقاء والسفر والهوايات، وطلب المشورة النفسية في نهاية المطاف.
النساء يعبّرن عن القلق أكثر.. اختصاصيون يقدمون وصفة للهدوء والاسترخاء
متوترون وقلقون.. ما الحل ؟
18 يوليو 2025 - 04:13
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آخر تحديث 18 يوليو 2025 - 04:13
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
محمد الهتار (جدة) alhattar@
In the face of daily challenges and the difficult matters of life, most people experience stress or psychological pressure, losing control over their actions and losing important things in their lives. This can lead to an inability to accomplish daily tasks, especially after someone reaches a critical psychological stage, beginning with a nervous breakdown and ending with painful incidents. According to the opinions of psychological specialists, the condition can reach a severe stage. They see that men are more susceptible to stress and anxiety than women due to the differences between them. It is essential for a person to be patient during hardships and to take their time when making important decisions in their lives, consulting with others to alleviate psychological pressure and to stay as far away as possible from any tensions, then resorting to some exercises when angry to relieve stress and regain peace of mind and tranquility, along with the necessity of consulting psychological specialists.
Anxiety... Stress... There is a Difference!
Psychiatrist Dr. Mohammed Al-Hamid described anxiety and stress as natural psychological and physical reactions to situations that are considered stressful or unfamiliar. Anxiety can be a state of continuous tension that an individual feels regarding uncertain future events or direct threats to their health or well-being. General stress manifests as a feeling of psychological pressure resulting from the demands of daily life. The difference between anxiety and stress is not always clear; stress often relates to a quick reaction to a specific situation, while anxiety is a continuous feeling that includes stress but can be more intense and last longer in some cases. Anxiety can develop into a real psychological disorder, while stress is usually a temporary state. Some studies indicate that men often display behaviors related to stress and anxiety differently compared to women, tending to hide their feelings of anxiety and stress due to social norms that encourage them to be strong and not show weakness. This can lead to delaying dealing with stress and anxiety, increasing the likelihood of symptoms worsening in the long term. Moreover, men typically direct their energy towards physical or professional activities as a way to alleviate anxiety, often engaging in sports or immersing themselves in work as stimuli to cope with their negative feelings. However, men are also affected by social pressures related to their traditional roles in society, as they are expected to be the primary providers for the family or to bear high professional responsibilities, leading to increased stress levels. Additionally, men are more prone to physical illnesses related to stress, such as high blood pressure and heart disease, due to ineffective coping with feelings of anxiety and stress.
Women Are More Prone to Fluctuations
Psychiatrist Al-Hamid adds to "Okaz": Studies indicate that women show higher levels of anxiety compared to men, which is attributed to biological factors, such as hormonal differences, as well as social and psychological factors. Women, due to social and cultural traditions, are expected to perform multiple roles such as caring for the family and working, which places psychological pressures on them that cause a continuous feeling of stress. They also tend to express their feelings more openly compared to men; for example, they may talk about their feelings of anxiety and stress with friends or close individuals, helping them cope with their emotions effectively. While this can be beneficial in reducing anxiety levels, women may experience greater psychological pressure due to the dual burden of work and family. Biological and hormonal differences are among the factors contributing to the variation in responses to anxiety and stress between men and women. For instance, studies have shown that the hormone estrogen, which is found in higher concentrations in women, affects the brain's response to stress. Women of childbearing age are more susceptible to mood swings and anxiety due to hormonal changes, especially during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause.
On the other hand, testosterone is secreted in higher levels in men, and some believe that this hormone may contribute to reducing the response to stress. This partially explains why men tend to react less to feelings of anxiety compared to women. However, this does not mean that men do not suffer from anxiety and stress; it simply means they may display different reactions.
Reflect, Then Breathe Deeply!
Dr. Al-Hamid believes that the social and cultural environment significantly affects how individuals deal with anxiety and stress. In many cultures, men are expected to be emotionally strong and not show signs of weakness, making them more likely to suppress feelings of anxiety or stress. Conversely, women are expected to be more expressive about their feelings, which may help them deal with feelings of anxiety directly. However, women may face greater social pressure to balance work and family life, leading to high levels of stress.
Psychiatrist Al-Hamid suggests strategies that can help both men and women cope with anxiety and stress more effectively, including exercising, using relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep breathing, social support from friends and family, and seeking psychological counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Suffering Gives Rise to Creativity
Psychologist Dr. Ahmed Al-Ghamdi from the Special Education Services Center in Makkah believes that humans are equipped with mechanisms that protect their lives and maintain them. Humans fear dangers and deal physically and psychologically with stressful situations. One of the most prominent changes that occur in humans is stress, which can be defined as a state of sudden physiological and psychological change in response to an external situation. After the stressful situation subsides, a person is supposed to return to their normal state. Stress can be exaggerated from ordinary situations or result in escape behavior, causing the individual to withdraw from social phobia. When discussing stress and pressure, we can say that a certain level of stress and the accompanying anxiety is necessary, as it helps us achieve and serves as a motivation for us to face life's pressures and accomplish tasks; it is a type of challenge that the individual experiences. For example, students before exams experience a type of stress that drives them to study and excel. Mild psychological stress is beneficial, but if the stress is exaggerated from matters that usually do not provoke anxiety or leads to disruptions in our daily lives, weakens our social relationships, or is accompanied by symptoms such as trembling, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, and excessive sweating, we advise the person to seek help from psychological specialists. Additionally, there are self-help mechanisms that individuals can use, such as reading self-help books to cope with stress. We can tell the stressed person that stress does not kill; rather, face your fears and stress. Stress is a cycle that peaks and then the person returns to their normal state, but the feelings of fear and accompanying thoughts are what make a person flee or withdraw and not confront psychological stress. The greatest crime committed by a person suffering from pathological psychological stress is neglecting themselves and not seeking help from specialists, as this psychological stress—God forbid—may lead the person to develop psychological and physical illnesses that affect their health and life.
Children Worry by Biting Their Fingers
Dr. Al-Ghamdi adds to "Okaz": One good way to cope with psychological stress is to practice meditation, mindfulness, and positive thinking. In cases of pathological psychological stress, individuals cannot do without consulting specialists for guidance sessions and tactics that suit their condition. The risks of psychological stress increase among individuals suffering from chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension, as well as those with psychological disorders like social phobia, depression, and psychosis, among others. Pregnant women are also at increased risk, as maternal psychological stress reflects on their health and psychological state as well as on the health of the fetus. Children also experience psychological stress, and their cases manifest differently from adults. For instance, if a child is not gradually weaned at an early age and is suddenly deprived of breast milk or formula, this can cause them psychological stress, leading to thumb-sucking and nail-biting. One of the most prominent signs of psychological stress in children is nail-biting and separation anxiety from parents when going to school. In this case, they need preparation and gradual acclimatization when starting school. Additionally, family conflicts between parents affect children's psychological state.
Dr. Al-Ghamdi concluded his remarks to "Okaz" by saying: Some individuals have habits like smoking or other addictive behaviors such as attachment to the internet and mobile phones. When these are interrupted, they experience stress. For example, quitting smoking or being in a place without network coverage or having a dead phone battery can cause stress due to the interruption of their addictive behavior, which resembles withdrawal symptoms, requiring vigilance and replacing these habits with healthy and beneficial ones.
The Lazy Do Not React
Psychiatrist Professor Ali Bin Sahfan from the College of Medicine at Taif University believes that stress or psychological tension, known in English as "Stress," is the body's reaction to any organic or environmental change. We psychologists tell any patient to examine themselves "organically" before seeking medication or psychological treatment. The most important things are to check for thyroid dysfunction, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12 levels. Once their normal state is confirmed, we can say that the problem is psychological.
He tells "Okaz": In the psychological field, there are some personalities that have "positive" stress that helps them excel and be creative, but they suffer from doses of stress due to their desire for success. Here, "the lazy" cannot adapt to this leader. While we agree with their ambition, which is a desirable ambition, we also say that if this matter exceeds its limits, it will destroy the person and make others shy away from them, as excessive stress prevents its owner from accomplishing the daily tasks assigned to them, leading to what is known as bad stress due to accumulated pressure. Once the body feels that there is too much pressure, it begins to gradually collapse, and then the brain starts sending symptoms indicating that there is a problem manifested in anxiety, sweating, headaches, and rapid breathing. Therefore, whenever anyone feels these issues, they must consult a psychological specialist to identify the causes, which are usually external influences or internal ones such as family pressures, financial issues, emotional problems, work stress, and marital relationship problems. To control or alleviate stress, Dr. Ali Bin Sahfan emphasizes the need to get enough sleep, especially going to bed early, eating healthy, avoiding fast food, and steering clear of negative thoughts and erroneous beliefs by using the "distraction mechanism" from cognitive behavioral therapy. Learning and practicing relaxation techniques such as breathing, meditation, yoga, and engaging in daily strenuous exercise regularly, learning effective time management, and distributing time between family, work, friends, travel, and hobbies, and ultimately seeking psychological advice.
Anxiety... Stress... There is a Difference!
Psychiatrist Dr. Mohammed Al-Hamid described anxiety and stress as natural psychological and physical reactions to situations that are considered stressful or unfamiliar. Anxiety can be a state of continuous tension that an individual feels regarding uncertain future events or direct threats to their health or well-being. General stress manifests as a feeling of psychological pressure resulting from the demands of daily life. The difference between anxiety and stress is not always clear; stress often relates to a quick reaction to a specific situation, while anxiety is a continuous feeling that includes stress but can be more intense and last longer in some cases. Anxiety can develop into a real psychological disorder, while stress is usually a temporary state. Some studies indicate that men often display behaviors related to stress and anxiety differently compared to women, tending to hide their feelings of anxiety and stress due to social norms that encourage them to be strong and not show weakness. This can lead to delaying dealing with stress and anxiety, increasing the likelihood of symptoms worsening in the long term. Moreover, men typically direct their energy towards physical or professional activities as a way to alleviate anxiety, often engaging in sports or immersing themselves in work as stimuli to cope with their negative feelings. However, men are also affected by social pressures related to their traditional roles in society, as they are expected to be the primary providers for the family or to bear high professional responsibilities, leading to increased stress levels. Additionally, men are more prone to physical illnesses related to stress, such as high blood pressure and heart disease, due to ineffective coping with feelings of anxiety and stress.
Women Are More Prone to Fluctuations
Psychiatrist Al-Hamid adds to "Okaz": Studies indicate that women show higher levels of anxiety compared to men, which is attributed to biological factors, such as hormonal differences, as well as social and psychological factors. Women, due to social and cultural traditions, are expected to perform multiple roles such as caring for the family and working, which places psychological pressures on them that cause a continuous feeling of stress. They also tend to express their feelings more openly compared to men; for example, they may talk about their feelings of anxiety and stress with friends or close individuals, helping them cope with their emotions effectively. While this can be beneficial in reducing anxiety levels, women may experience greater psychological pressure due to the dual burden of work and family. Biological and hormonal differences are among the factors contributing to the variation in responses to anxiety and stress between men and women. For instance, studies have shown that the hormone estrogen, which is found in higher concentrations in women, affects the brain's response to stress. Women of childbearing age are more susceptible to mood swings and anxiety due to hormonal changes, especially during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause.
On the other hand, testosterone is secreted in higher levels in men, and some believe that this hormone may contribute to reducing the response to stress. This partially explains why men tend to react less to feelings of anxiety compared to women. However, this does not mean that men do not suffer from anxiety and stress; it simply means they may display different reactions.
Reflect, Then Breathe Deeply!
Dr. Al-Hamid believes that the social and cultural environment significantly affects how individuals deal with anxiety and stress. In many cultures, men are expected to be emotionally strong and not show signs of weakness, making them more likely to suppress feelings of anxiety or stress. Conversely, women are expected to be more expressive about their feelings, which may help them deal with feelings of anxiety directly. However, women may face greater social pressure to balance work and family life, leading to high levels of stress.
Psychiatrist Al-Hamid suggests strategies that can help both men and women cope with anxiety and stress more effectively, including exercising, using relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep breathing, social support from friends and family, and seeking psychological counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Suffering Gives Rise to Creativity
Psychologist Dr. Ahmed Al-Ghamdi from the Special Education Services Center in Makkah believes that humans are equipped with mechanisms that protect their lives and maintain them. Humans fear dangers and deal physically and psychologically with stressful situations. One of the most prominent changes that occur in humans is stress, which can be defined as a state of sudden physiological and psychological change in response to an external situation. After the stressful situation subsides, a person is supposed to return to their normal state. Stress can be exaggerated from ordinary situations or result in escape behavior, causing the individual to withdraw from social phobia. When discussing stress and pressure, we can say that a certain level of stress and the accompanying anxiety is necessary, as it helps us achieve and serves as a motivation for us to face life's pressures and accomplish tasks; it is a type of challenge that the individual experiences. For example, students before exams experience a type of stress that drives them to study and excel. Mild psychological stress is beneficial, but if the stress is exaggerated from matters that usually do not provoke anxiety or leads to disruptions in our daily lives, weakens our social relationships, or is accompanied by symptoms such as trembling, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, and excessive sweating, we advise the person to seek help from psychological specialists. Additionally, there are self-help mechanisms that individuals can use, such as reading self-help books to cope with stress. We can tell the stressed person that stress does not kill; rather, face your fears and stress. Stress is a cycle that peaks and then the person returns to their normal state, but the feelings of fear and accompanying thoughts are what make a person flee or withdraw and not confront psychological stress. The greatest crime committed by a person suffering from pathological psychological stress is neglecting themselves and not seeking help from specialists, as this psychological stress—God forbid—may lead the person to develop psychological and physical illnesses that affect their health and life.
Children Worry by Biting Their Fingers
Dr. Al-Ghamdi adds to "Okaz": One good way to cope with psychological stress is to practice meditation, mindfulness, and positive thinking. In cases of pathological psychological stress, individuals cannot do without consulting specialists for guidance sessions and tactics that suit their condition. The risks of psychological stress increase among individuals suffering from chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension, as well as those with psychological disorders like social phobia, depression, and psychosis, among others. Pregnant women are also at increased risk, as maternal psychological stress reflects on their health and psychological state as well as on the health of the fetus. Children also experience psychological stress, and their cases manifest differently from adults. For instance, if a child is not gradually weaned at an early age and is suddenly deprived of breast milk or formula, this can cause them psychological stress, leading to thumb-sucking and nail-biting. One of the most prominent signs of psychological stress in children is nail-biting and separation anxiety from parents when going to school. In this case, they need preparation and gradual acclimatization when starting school. Additionally, family conflicts between parents affect children's psychological state.
Dr. Al-Ghamdi concluded his remarks to "Okaz" by saying: Some individuals have habits like smoking or other addictive behaviors such as attachment to the internet and mobile phones. When these are interrupted, they experience stress. For example, quitting smoking or being in a place without network coverage or having a dead phone battery can cause stress due to the interruption of their addictive behavior, which resembles withdrawal symptoms, requiring vigilance and replacing these habits with healthy and beneficial ones.
The Lazy Do Not React
Psychiatrist Professor Ali Bin Sahfan from the College of Medicine at Taif University believes that stress or psychological tension, known in English as "Stress," is the body's reaction to any organic or environmental change. We psychologists tell any patient to examine themselves "organically" before seeking medication or psychological treatment. The most important things are to check for thyroid dysfunction, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12 levels. Once their normal state is confirmed, we can say that the problem is psychological.
He tells "Okaz": In the psychological field, there are some personalities that have "positive" stress that helps them excel and be creative, but they suffer from doses of stress due to their desire for success. Here, "the lazy" cannot adapt to this leader. While we agree with their ambition, which is a desirable ambition, we also say that if this matter exceeds its limits, it will destroy the person and make others shy away from them, as excessive stress prevents its owner from accomplishing the daily tasks assigned to them, leading to what is known as bad stress due to accumulated pressure. Once the body feels that there is too much pressure, it begins to gradually collapse, and then the brain starts sending symptoms indicating that there is a problem manifested in anxiety, sweating, headaches, and rapid breathing. Therefore, whenever anyone feels these issues, they must consult a psychological specialist to identify the causes, which are usually external influences or internal ones such as family pressures, financial issues, emotional problems, work stress, and marital relationship problems. To control or alleviate stress, Dr. Ali Bin Sahfan emphasizes the need to get enough sleep, especially going to bed early, eating healthy, avoiding fast food, and steering clear of negative thoughts and erroneous beliefs by using the "distraction mechanism" from cognitive behavioral therapy. Learning and practicing relaxation techniques such as breathing, meditation, yoga, and engaging in daily strenuous exercise regularly, learning effective time management, and distributing time between family, work, friends, travel, and hobbies, and ultimately seeking psychological advice.
