مرت منشأة الجمرات في المشاعر المقدسة برحلة طويلة من التطور والنجاح، ليشكل اليوم منظومة متكاملة من الخدمات بعد أن كانت هذه الشعيرة تمثل هاجساً للجهات المعنية بسبب التدافع والزحام، لتصبح المنشأة اليوم منجزاً حضارياً عملاقاً، تصعب مجاراته.
تقف منشأة الجمرات بمستوياتها الستة والقبو والطابق الأرضي والطوابق الأربعة العليا التي روعي في تصميمها وإدارتها كافة المعايير الخاصة بتدفق الحجاج، وفق دراسات وبحوث علمية مستمرة، شارك في تنفيذها نخبة من الخبراء المحليين والعالميين، بهدف تحسين كفاءة التفويج للمنشأة واستكمال مشاريع البنية التحتية لتحقيق هذا الهدف في ضوء التجارب العلمية والمحاكاة.
وتعود تسمية الجمرات نسبة للحصى الذي ترمى بها، فالجمرات تعنى الحصى الصغار، وموضع الجمارِ بِمِنًى سمي جَمْرَةً لأَنها تُرْمى بالجِمارِ «الحصى»، وقيل: لأَنها مَجْمَعُ الحصى التي ترمي بها من الجَمْرَة، وقيل: سميت به من قولهم أَجْمَرَ إِذا أَسرع؛ ومنه ما ورد في قصة آدم مع إبليس «إِن آدم رمى بمنى فأَجْمرَ إِبليسُ بين يديه»، وفي الأثر لما أتى إبراهيم خليل الله المناسك عرض له الشيطان عند جمرة العقبة، رماه بسبع حصيات حتى ساخ في الأرض، ثم عرض له عند الجمرة الثانية فرماه بسبع حصيات حتى ساخ في الأرض، ثم عرض له عند الجمرة الثالثة، فرماه بسبع حصيات حتى ساخ في الأرض، ولهذا يظهر حكمة الاكتفاء في اليوم الأول بالعقبة حملاً لفعله مع آدم في هذا المقام، وفي الأيام الثلاثة تبعاً لإبراهيم، حيث وسوس له إبليس في المواضع الثلاثة، وبهذا يتضح وجه تكرير الجمرات في الأيام الثلاثة.
وتعد الجمرات الثلاث عبارة عن أماكن في مشعر منى، يرمي الحاج في كل موضع سبع حصيات، والواحدة منها أكبر من حجم حبة الحمص وأصغر من حبة البندق، وكانت تلك الأماكن في صدر الإسلام أماكن لا يوجد لها معالم، ثم عمل عند كل موضع شاخص «عمود مربع» وحوض يحيط بالشاخص، ليدل على مكان الرمي.
في المستقبل 5 ملايين حاج
المشروع العملاق وضعته الدولة السعودية على عاتقها ليتناسب مع الزيادة الكبيرة لعدد الحجاج وقد صمم ليتحمل 12 طابقاً، وأكثر من خمسة ملايين حاج في المستقبل، وتبلغ الطاقة الاستيعابية له 300 ألف حاج في الساعة.
وتم بناء أول جسر للجمرات من دورين في عام 1975م لتسهيل رمي الجمرات؛ ومع زيادة أعداد الحجاج، أصبح الجسر لا يكفي لاستيعاب الأعداد المتزايدة كل عام، لذا قررت المملكة هدم الجسر بعد أداء مناسك الحج عام 2006م، واستبداله ببناء منشأة جديدة للجمرات متعددة الأدوار، لاستيعاب أعداد أكبر من الحجاج، وتسهيل عملية رمي الجمرات وانسيابيتها بأمن وسلامة.
وبلغ طول جسر الجمرات الجديد 950 متراً وعرضه 80 متراً، ويتألف من خمسة طوابق يبلغ ارتفاع كل طابق 12 متراً، وله 12 مدخلاً و12 مخرجاً من الاتجاهات الأربعة، إضافة إلى منافذ للطوارئ على أساس تفويج 300 ألف حاج في الساعة.
3,485 متراً أنفاق
يحتوي جسر الجمرات على ستة مباني خدمات، تتكون من 12 طابقاً ومبنيين مزودين بمهابط للطائرات، وفيها مصاعد مخصصة لخدمة نقل سيارات الإسعاف بين الأدوار، ويحتوي كل مبنى خدمات على ثلاث محطات كهربائية ومولد كهرباء احتياطي، ويضم الجسر 11 مبنى سلالم، منها أربعة مبانٍ لنقل الحجاج دخولاً للطوابق، وسبعة للخروج، ويحتوي كل مبنى سلالم على 28 سلماً كهربائيّاً مرتبطاً بنظام إدارة مبانٍ للتحكم به (BMS)، كما توجد سلالم كهربائية حول الجسر وعددها 20 سلماً كهربائيّاً ليكون إجمالي عدد السلالم 328 سلماً.
ويحتوي الجسر على 13 نظاماً منها أنظمة للمراقبة التليفزيونية فيها نحو 900 كاميرا، ونظام البث التلفزيوني لأربع قنوات تلفزيونية، ونظام الرسائل التوجيهية، ونظام العد الإلكتروني للحشود، ونظام إنذار الحريق، و226 عربة كهربائية صديقة للبيئة لنقل الحجاج داخل جسر الجمرات والمشاريع المتصلة به.
ويرتبط جسر الجمرات بأربعة أنفاق بأطوال إجمالية 3,485 متراً، ويحتوي على 46 ممشى كهربائيّاً لنقل الحجاج، وأنظمة الحماية والحريق والنداء العام والاتصال الداخلي ونظام إلكتروني لفصل الأنفاق أثناء الحريق.
الجمرات «التسمية».. رحلة من التطوير والنجاح
8 يونيو 2025 - 04:10
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آخر تحديث 8 يونيو 2025 - 04:10
انسيابية وسلاسة في الرمي. (تصوير: نبيلة أبو الجدايل)
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The Jamrat facility in the holy sites has undergone a long journey of development and success, forming today a comprehensive system of services after this ritual had represented a concern for the relevant authorities due to crowding and congestion. Today, the facility stands as a monumental achievement that is difficult to match.
The Jamrat facility, with its six levels, basement, ground floor, and four upper floors, was designed and managed with all the standards for the flow of pilgrims in mind, based on continuous scientific studies and research, executed by a select group of local and international experts, aimed at improving the efficiency of crowd management for the facility and completing infrastructure projects to achieve this goal in light of scientific experiments and simulations.
The name "Jamrat" refers to the pebbles that are thrown at it; Jamrat means small pebbles. The place where the stones are thrown at Mina is called Jamrat because it is where the pebbles are thrown. It is said that it is named so because it is the gathering of the pebbles that you throw at the Jamrat. It is also said to be named from the term "ajmara," meaning to hurry; and from the story of Adam with Satan, "Indeed, Adam threw at Mina, and Satan hurried before him." In the tradition, when Ibrahim, the friend of God, came to perform the rituals, Satan confronted him at the Jamrat of Aqabah, and he threw seven pebbles at him until he sank into the ground. Then he confronted him at the second Jamrat, and he threw seven pebbles at him until he sank into the ground. Then he confronted him at the third Jamrat, and he threw seven pebbles at him until he sank into the ground. This shows the wisdom of limiting the first day to the Aqabah, reflecting Adam's action in this regard, and in the following three days, following Ibrahim, where Satan whispered to him at the three locations, thus clarifying the reason for repeating the Jamrat on the three days.
The three Jamrat are locations in the Mina area where the pilgrim throws seven pebbles at each site. Each pebble is larger than a chickpea and smaller than a hazelnut. These locations in the early days of Islam had no distinguishing features, so a visible marker (a square column) and a basin surrounding it were established at each site to indicate the throwing location.
In the future, 5 million pilgrims
The giant project has been undertaken by the Saudi state to accommodate the significant increase in the number of pilgrims. It is designed to support 12 floors and more than five million pilgrims in the future, with a capacity of 300,000 pilgrims per hour.
The first two-story Jamrat bridge was built in 1975 to facilitate the throwing of the Jamrat; however, with the increasing number of pilgrims, the bridge became insufficient to accommodate the growing numbers each year. Therefore, the Kingdom decided to demolish the bridge after the Hajj rituals in 2006 and replace it with a new multi-story Jamrat facility to accommodate larger numbers of pilgrims and facilitate the throwing of the Jamrat safely and securely.
The new Jamrat bridge is 950 meters long and 80 meters wide, consisting of five floors, each 12 meters high, with 12 entrances and 12 exits from four directions, in addition to emergency exits based on the management of 300,000 pilgrims per hour.
3,485 meters of tunnels
The Jamrat bridge contains six service buildings, consisting of 12 floors and two buildings equipped with helicopter landing pads, with elevators dedicated to transporting ambulances between the floors. Each service building has three electrical stations and a backup generator. The bridge includes 11 stair buildings, four of which are for entering the floors and seven for exiting. Each stair building has 28 escalators connected to a Building Management System (BMS) for control, and there are 20 escalators around the bridge, bringing the total number of escalators to 328.
The bridge contains 13 systems, including CCTV systems with about 900 cameras, a television broadcasting system for four television channels, a guidance messaging system, an electronic crowd counting system, a fire alarm system, and 226 environmentally friendly electric carts to transport pilgrims within the Jamrat bridge and connected projects.
The Jamrat bridge is connected to four tunnels with a total length of 3,485 meters and contains 46 electric walkways for transporting pilgrims, along with protection, fire, public announcement, internal communication systems, and an electronic system to separate the tunnels during a fire.
The Jamrat facility, with its six levels, basement, ground floor, and four upper floors, was designed and managed with all the standards for the flow of pilgrims in mind, based on continuous scientific studies and research, executed by a select group of local and international experts, aimed at improving the efficiency of crowd management for the facility and completing infrastructure projects to achieve this goal in light of scientific experiments and simulations.
The name "Jamrat" refers to the pebbles that are thrown at it; Jamrat means small pebbles. The place where the stones are thrown at Mina is called Jamrat because it is where the pebbles are thrown. It is said that it is named so because it is the gathering of the pebbles that you throw at the Jamrat. It is also said to be named from the term "ajmara," meaning to hurry; and from the story of Adam with Satan, "Indeed, Adam threw at Mina, and Satan hurried before him." In the tradition, when Ibrahim, the friend of God, came to perform the rituals, Satan confronted him at the Jamrat of Aqabah, and he threw seven pebbles at him until he sank into the ground. Then he confronted him at the second Jamrat, and he threw seven pebbles at him until he sank into the ground. Then he confronted him at the third Jamrat, and he threw seven pebbles at him until he sank into the ground. This shows the wisdom of limiting the first day to the Aqabah, reflecting Adam's action in this regard, and in the following three days, following Ibrahim, where Satan whispered to him at the three locations, thus clarifying the reason for repeating the Jamrat on the three days.
The three Jamrat are locations in the Mina area where the pilgrim throws seven pebbles at each site. Each pebble is larger than a chickpea and smaller than a hazelnut. These locations in the early days of Islam had no distinguishing features, so a visible marker (a square column) and a basin surrounding it were established at each site to indicate the throwing location.
In the future, 5 million pilgrims
The giant project has been undertaken by the Saudi state to accommodate the significant increase in the number of pilgrims. It is designed to support 12 floors and more than five million pilgrims in the future, with a capacity of 300,000 pilgrims per hour.
The first two-story Jamrat bridge was built in 1975 to facilitate the throwing of the Jamrat; however, with the increasing number of pilgrims, the bridge became insufficient to accommodate the growing numbers each year. Therefore, the Kingdom decided to demolish the bridge after the Hajj rituals in 2006 and replace it with a new multi-story Jamrat facility to accommodate larger numbers of pilgrims and facilitate the throwing of the Jamrat safely and securely.
The new Jamrat bridge is 950 meters long and 80 meters wide, consisting of five floors, each 12 meters high, with 12 entrances and 12 exits from four directions, in addition to emergency exits based on the management of 300,000 pilgrims per hour.
3,485 meters of tunnels
The Jamrat bridge contains six service buildings, consisting of 12 floors and two buildings equipped with helicopter landing pads, with elevators dedicated to transporting ambulances between the floors. Each service building has three electrical stations and a backup generator. The bridge includes 11 stair buildings, four of which are for entering the floors and seven for exiting. Each stair building has 28 escalators connected to a Building Management System (BMS) for control, and there are 20 escalators around the bridge, bringing the total number of escalators to 328.
The bridge contains 13 systems, including CCTV systems with about 900 cameras, a television broadcasting system for four television channels, a guidance messaging system, an electronic crowd counting system, a fire alarm system, and 226 environmentally friendly electric carts to transport pilgrims within the Jamrat bridge and connected projects.
The Jamrat bridge is connected to four tunnels with a total length of 3,485 meters and contains 46 electric walkways for transporting pilgrims, along with protection, fire, public announcement, internal communication systems, and an electronic system to separate the tunnels during a fire.
