علق الاقتصادي الأمريكي جيفري ساكس المحاضر في جامعة كولومبيا، خلال جلسة حوارية في منتدى أثينا للديموقراطية عام 2022، على الدول التي تتسق سياساتها مع سرديتها مثل روسيا، وعرج على تلكم التي تعاني من ازدواجية القيم وذكر مثالاً لذلك بريطانيا في القرن التاسع عشر قائلاً: «يمكنك أن تكون ديمقراطياً في الداخل ومستعمراً بلا رحمة في الخارج».
وعن هذا المنهج يذهب بعض الأكاديميين إلى أنه يعبر عن أزمة بين هويتين، وهذا ما عبر عنه أستاذ القانون في جامعة تل أبيب، إشاحار روزن-تسفي، حيث بدأ محاضرته التي ألقاها في جامعة هارفارد قبل شهرين بعبارة «إسرائيل دولة يهودية، إسرائيل دولة ديموقراطية» مما يخلق في نظره صراعاً داخلياً، ويرجح ازدواجية التطبيق السياسي داخلياً وخارجياً، وهو حديث قديم عن الأنظمة الثيوقراطية وأزمات الأقليات.
وما يحدث اليوم في غزة يذهب أبعد من ذلك بكثير، خاصة بعد الإعلان عن عملية (عربات جدعون٢) وما سبقها وصاحبها من استخدام ممنهج للجوع كسلاح، ومن عمليات توسع في المستوطنات في الضفة الغربية، ضمن المساعي الحثيثة لتأبين حل الدولتين، على نحو تجاوز النقاش حول القانون الدولي الإنساني أو القانون في زمن الحرب.
حتى إن الأمم المتحدة أعلنت أن غزة في حالة مجاعة، وهو ما وصف كإعلان تاريخي، حيث إنها خامس مرة يطلق هذا الوصف في التاريخ. وقد أضاف المفوض السامي لحقوق الإنسان في الأمم المتحدة فولكر تورك الجمعة أن «تجويع الناس لأغراض عسكرية يعد جريمة حرب»، وإن كان ذلك يمثّل ضغطاً إضافياً على إسرائيل إلا أنه لا يتوقع أن يمثل رادعاً لنتنياهو، كما لم يكن قرار محكمة العدل الدولية نوفمبر من العام الماضي رادعاً، حيث أصدرت المحكمة مذكرة توقيف بحقه بتهمه جرائم حرب.
بطبيعة الحال لا يتوقع تغير كبير من واشنطن من موقفها الداعم أو الصامت عن إسرائيل وينطبق ذلك على الحزبين، ما عدا نزراً يسيراً لا تتجاوز تصريحاتهم دخول المساعدات والمواضيع الإنسانية عامة، وبطبيعة الحال في إسرائيل تشير الاستطلاعات إلى شبة اتفاق في الهدف النهائي، واختلاف حول الطريقة لا أكثر.
لكن الأيام الأخيرة شهدت تغييرات على مستوى دول مهمة مثل أستراليا وداخل أوروبا، حيث تم تراشق بين رئيسي الوزراء الإسرائيلي والأسترالي بعد إعلان الأخير نية بلاده الاعتراف بدولة فلسطين، فهاجمه نتنياهو متهماً إياه بعدم الوفاء ليهود إسرائيل، مذكراً بموقفه خلال مشاركته (غير المرحب بها من فرنسا آنذاك) في مسيرة التضامن مع ضحايا مجلة تشاري ايبدو، حين حث يهود فرنسا للهجرة إلى إسرائيل، حتى إن الرئيس السابق هولاند غادر الكنيس قبل كلمة نتنياهو.
واليوم تعيش أوروبا كما أستراليا أزمة قيم ومخاض أولويات، فالاعتراف بفلسطين مهم معنوياً، لكن الخطوات الاقتصادية والقيود على السلاح هي ما ستمثل ضغطاً حقيقياً على تل أبيب، ولعل استقالة كاسبار فيلدكامب، نائب رئيس الوزراء ووزير خارجية هولندا الجمعة الماضية، والوزراء الثمانية الذين تلوه، بعد فشلهم في تمرير بعض الإجراءات ضد إسرائيل، دلالة على الصراع الأوروبي الداخلي.
هذا الصراع الأوروبي يحكمه من جهة المصالح والضغوط الانتخابية، ويحده من جهة أخرى القيم الإنسانية التي تكثر المواد التي تسطرها بين قوانين الاتحاد الأوروبي والقوانين المحلية للدول، لتبقى الدول، خاصةً المصدِّرة للسلاح مثل ألمانيا وإيطاليا بيد خيار التماهي مع قيامها، أو أن ينطبق عليها وصف المفكر الألماني إرنست فراكل «الدولة المزدوجة» «Dual state model».
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
American economist Jeffrey Sachs, a lecturer at Columbia University, commented during a panel discussion at the Athens Democracy Forum in 2022 on countries whose policies align with their narratives, such as Russia, and touched on those suffering from a duality of values, citing Britain in the 19th century as an example, stating: "You can be democratic at home and a ruthless colonizer abroad."
Regarding this approach, some academics argue that it reflects a crisis between two identities, as expressed by Tel Aviv University law professor Ishachar Rosen-Tsvi, who began his lecture at Harvard University two months ago with the phrase "Israel is a Jewish state, Israel is a democratic state," which he believes creates an internal conflict and suggests a duality of political application both domestically and internationally. This is an old discussion about theocratic systems and minority crises.
What is happening today in Gaza goes much further, especially after the announcement of Operation (Gideon's Chariots 2) and the systematic use of hunger as a weapon, along with the expansion of settlements in the West Bank, as part of the relentless efforts to bury the two-state solution, surpassing the discussion around international humanitarian law or law in times of war.
Even the United Nations announced that Gaza is in a state of famine, which has been described as a historic declaration, as it is the fifth time this description has been issued in history. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk added on Friday that "starving people for military purposes constitutes a war crime," and while this represents additional pressure on Israel, it is not expected to deter Netanyahu, just as the International Court of Justice's ruling last November did not serve as a deterrent, as the court issued an arrest warrant against him on charges of war crimes.
Naturally, no significant change is expected from Washington regarding its supportive or silent stance on Israel, which applies to both parties, except for a slight variation that does not exceed their statements regarding the entry of aid and general humanitarian issues. In Israel, surveys indicate a near consensus on the final goal, with differences only in the method.
However, recent days have seen changes at the level of important countries like Australia and within Europe, where there was an exchange of barbs between the Israeli and Australian prime ministers after the latter announced his country's intention to recognize the State of Palestine. Netanyahu attacked him, accusing him of failing to be loyal to the Jews of Israel, reminding him of his stance during his (unwelcome at the time) participation in the solidarity march with the victims of Charlie Hebdo, when he urged Jews in France to immigrate to Israel, to the extent that former President Hollande left the synagogue before Netanyahu's speech.
Today, Europe, like Australia, is experiencing a crisis of values and a labor of priorities. Recognizing Palestine is important morally, but economic steps and arms restrictions are what will represent real pressure on Tel Aviv. The resignation of Kaspar Veldkamp, the Dutch Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister last Friday, along with the eight ministers who followed him after they failed to pass certain measures against Israel, is indicative of the internal European struggle.
This European struggle is governed on one hand by interests and electoral pressures, while on the other hand, it is limited by humanitarian values that are often articulated between EU laws and the local laws of countries, leaving states, especially arms-exporting ones like Germany and Italy, with the choice of either aligning with their actions or being described by German thinker Ernst Fraenkel as the "dual state model."
Regarding this approach, some academics argue that it reflects a crisis between two identities, as expressed by Tel Aviv University law professor Ishachar Rosen-Tsvi, who began his lecture at Harvard University two months ago with the phrase "Israel is a Jewish state, Israel is a democratic state," which he believes creates an internal conflict and suggests a duality of political application both domestically and internationally. This is an old discussion about theocratic systems and minority crises.
What is happening today in Gaza goes much further, especially after the announcement of Operation (Gideon's Chariots 2) and the systematic use of hunger as a weapon, along with the expansion of settlements in the West Bank, as part of the relentless efforts to bury the two-state solution, surpassing the discussion around international humanitarian law or law in times of war.
Even the United Nations announced that Gaza is in a state of famine, which has been described as a historic declaration, as it is the fifth time this description has been issued in history. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk added on Friday that "starving people for military purposes constitutes a war crime," and while this represents additional pressure on Israel, it is not expected to deter Netanyahu, just as the International Court of Justice's ruling last November did not serve as a deterrent, as the court issued an arrest warrant against him on charges of war crimes.
Naturally, no significant change is expected from Washington regarding its supportive or silent stance on Israel, which applies to both parties, except for a slight variation that does not exceed their statements regarding the entry of aid and general humanitarian issues. In Israel, surveys indicate a near consensus on the final goal, with differences only in the method.
However, recent days have seen changes at the level of important countries like Australia and within Europe, where there was an exchange of barbs between the Israeli and Australian prime ministers after the latter announced his country's intention to recognize the State of Palestine. Netanyahu attacked him, accusing him of failing to be loyal to the Jews of Israel, reminding him of his stance during his (unwelcome at the time) participation in the solidarity march with the victims of Charlie Hebdo, when he urged Jews in France to immigrate to Israel, to the extent that former President Hollande left the synagogue before Netanyahu's speech.
Today, Europe, like Australia, is experiencing a crisis of values and a labor of priorities. Recognizing Palestine is important morally, but economic steps and arms restrictions are what will represent real pressure on Tel Aviv. The resignation of Kaspar Veldkamp, the Dutch Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister last Friday, along with the eight ministers who followed him after they failed to pass certain measures against Israel, is indicative of the internal European struggle.
This European struggle is governed on one hand by interests and electoral pressures, while on the other hand, it is limited by humanitarian values that are often articulated between EU laws and the local laws of countries, leaving states, especially arms-exporting ones like Germany and Italy, with the choice of either aligning with their actions or being described by German thinker Ernst Fraenkel as the "dual state model."


