تاريخيًّا أدّت إمارات المناطق دورًا محوريًّا في مرحلة تأسيس الدولة وهيكلة خدماتها، فقد ظلّت المُمثّل النظامي للملك والحكومة في المناطق، وقامت بمهام وأدوار رئيسية في مسيرة تطوّر الدولة وتنفيذ خطط التنمية والبناء، وشاركت بفاعلية في أدوار متعددة أمنية وتنموية وحقوقية واجتماعية، ومثّلت في جميع المراحل مركز الدولة ورمزيّتها ومُمثّلها الرئيسي في كل منطقة.
وتُعدّ أجهزة إمارات المناطق من أقدم الأجهزة الحكومية في المملكة فقد تزامن إنشاؤها مع المراحل الأولى لتأسيس الدولة، وكانت جزءًا من تنظيم الدولة في عهد الملك عبدالعزيز - رحمه الله -، وكان عددها في بداياتها المبكرة تسع إمارات أو (مقاطعات) كما سُميّت في ذلك الحين، يرأسها أمير يَصدُر تعيينه من قِبَل الملك عبدالعزيز.
وفي عام 1383هـ (1963م)، شهد نظام إمارات المناطق أول تطوير تنظيمي بصدور نظام المقاطعات الذي قسّم السعودية إلى تسع مقاطعات بمسميّات وحدود جغرافية جديدة، وقد جاء في ذلك النظام «أن يرأس المقاطعة حاكم إداري مرتبط بوزارة الداخلية، على أن يكون تعيين الحاكم الإداري بأمر ملكي بناءً على ترشيح وزير الداخلية واقتراح رئيس مجلس الوزراء على أن يقيم في مقر المقاطعة».
وفي عام 1397م (1977م) صدر تنظيم إداري حمل تقسيمًا جديدًا للمملكة ارتفع فيه عدد المناطق إلى (14) منطقة، وفي عام 1412هـ (1991م) صدر (نظام المناطق) وتضمّنت المادة الأولى منه أن «الهدف من النظام رفع مستوى العمل الإداري والمحافظة على الأمن وكفالة حقوق المواطنين»، وقسّم النظام كل منطقة إلى عدد من المحافظات والمراكز، وحدّد هذا النظام واجبات أمراء المناطق بعدد من المهام منها: «المحافظة على الأمن والنظام وتنفيذ الأحكام القضائية، وكفالة حقوق الأفراد وحرياتهم في الحدود المقررة شرعًا ونظامًا، والعمل على تطوير المنطقة وتنمية الخدمات العامة في المنطقة ورفع كفايتها والمحافظة على أموال الدولة وأملاكها والإشراف على أجهزة الحكومة».
لا يخفى أن مهام إمارات المناطق ومسؤولياتها منذ إنشائها تركّزت في الجانب الأمني والحقوق وتنفيذ الأحكام القضائية، ومع إنشاء أجهزة جديدة وتفعيل محاكم التنفيذ انحسرت تلك الأدوار، وأصبحت مهام إمارات المناطق تتّجه نحو محاولة إحداث أثر في البرامج والمشروعات التنموية، لكنها تواجه معضلة غياب الصلاحيات، فحتى (مجالس المناطق) المنضوية تحتها هي أجهزة استشارية تُقدّم المقترحات والتوصيات فحسب، وهو ما يدفع إلى القول بأهمية النظر في إحداث تطوير هيكلي في أعمال إمارات المناطق ومهامها، ومنحها صلاحيات فعلية للمشاركة في التخطيط والإشراف المباشر على برامج التنمية بالمنطقة، فالوزارات في الوقت الحالي تستأثر بالتخطيط المركزي وتتولى الإشراف الكامل على فروعها في المناطق.
(رؤية 2030) تدفع بهذا الاتجاه؛ فضمن التزامات الحكومة الفاعلة يأتي برنامج: (إعادة هيكلة الحكومة) الذي يمضي إلى التوسع في التطوير الهيكلي: «إن نمط هيكلة العمل الحكومي عالميًّا يتجه نحو المرونة وإعادة الهيكلة المستمرة لتحقيق وخدمة الأولويات الوطنية، وقد تمّت الانطلاقة فعليًّا في هذا المسار، وسنواصل هذا التطوير الهيكلي بصورة شاملة وعلى مراحل بحسب الأولوية»، وكذلك (برنامج تعزيز حوكمة العمل الحكومي) الذي يهدف إلى تحديد اختصاصات الأجهزة الحكومية، «سنعمل على إعادة هيكلة مستمرة ومرنة لأجهزتنا الحكومية، تلغي الأدوار المتكررة وتسعى إلى توحيد الجهود وتسهيل الإجراءات وتحديد الاختصاصات بشكل واضح وتفعيل مسؤولية الجهات في تسلم مهماتها بشكل يسمح لها بالتنفيذ ويمكّن المساءلة».
إن تطوير مهام إمارات المناطق وإعادة هيكلتها بالتركيز على الدور التنموي من شأنه أن ينقل الخطط التنموية إلى مستوى متقدّم من الكفاءة والمسؤولية والفاعلية، ويمكن أن تكون هيئات تطوير المدن البذرة أو النواة الأولى التي ينطلق منها مشروع إعادة الهيكلة بحيث تُدمج الهيئة مع الإمارة وتتركز مهام الإمارة في الجانب التنموي وتُمنح صلاحيات إدارة البرامج والمشروعات التنموية في المنطقة، وتكون بمثابة (وزارة تنمية) ترتبط بمجلس الشؤون الاقتصادية والتنمية، وتتصل مباشرة بأجهزة الدولة المعنية بالقرار التنموي وهي: وزارة المالية وهيئة كفاءة الإنفاق والمشروعات الحكومية، ووزارة الاقتصاد والتخطيط، ويبقى دور الوزارات الأخرى منصبًّا في التخطيط الإستراتيجي والتنظيم والمشاركة في القرار والإشراف الفني على التنفيذ.
إن إعطاء إمارات المناطق دورًا محوريًّا في خطط التنمية من شأنه أن يعيد هيكلة برامج التنمية ويسهم في تعزيز التنمية المتوازنة، ويستثمر المزايا النسبية لكل منطقة، ويعمل على تفكيك المركزية في التخطيط والتنفيذ، ويحقق الاستثمار الأمثل للقدرات البشرية من أبناء وبنات الوطن، ويقدح زناد التنافسيّة في مجالات التنمية والاستثمار بين مناطق المملكة.
عبدالله المحيميد
إمارات المناطق وتعزيز التنمية المتوازنة
22 يوليو 2025 - 00:07
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آخر تحديث 22 يوليو 2025 - 00:07
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
Historically, the Emirate of Regions has played a pivotal role in the establishment of the state and the structuring of its services. It has remained the formal representative of the king and the government in the regions, undertaking key tasks and roles in the state’s development journey and the implementation of development and construction plans. It has actively participated in various security, developmental, legal, and social roles, representing the center and symbolism of the state and being its main representative in each region at all stages.
The regional emirates are among the oldest governmental bodies in the Kingdom, as their establishment coincided with the early stages of the state’s foundation. They were part of the state’s organization during the reign of King Abdulaziz - may God have mercy on him - and initially consisted of nine emirates or "provinces," as they were called at that time, each headed by an emir appointed by King Abdulaziz.
In 1383 AH (1963 AD), the regional emirates system witnessed its first organizational development with the issuance of the provinces system, which divided Saudi Arabia into nine provinces with new names and geographical boundaries. This system stated that "the province shall be headed by an administrative governor linked to the Ministry of Interior, and the appointment of the administrative governor shall be by royal decree based on the nomination of the Minister of Interior and the proposal of the Prime Minister, provided that he resides in the province's headquarters."
In 1397 AH (1977 AD), an administrative organization was issued that introduced a new division of the Kingdom, increasing the number of regions to 14. In 1412 AH (1991 AD), the "Regions System" was issued, and its first article stated that "the aim of the system is to raise the level of administrative work, maintain security, and guarantee the rights of citizens." The system divided each region into a number of governorates and centers, and defined the duties of the regional princes with several tasks, including: "maintaining security and order, implementing judicial rulings, ensuring the rights and freedoms of individuals within the limits prescribed by Sharia and law, working to develop the region, enhancing public services in the region, preserving state funds and properties, and supervising government agencies."
It is evident that the tasks and responsibilities of the regional emirates since their establishment have focused on security, rights, and the implementation of judicial rulings. With the establishment of new agencies and the activation of enforcement courts, these roles have diminished, and the tasks of the regional emirates have shifted towards attempting to make an impact on developmental programs and projects. However, they face the dilemma of lacking authority, as even the (Regional Councils) under them are advisory bodies that only provide proposals and recommendations. This leads to the necessity of considering a structural development in the work and tasks of the regional emirates, granting them actual powers to participate in planning and direct supervision of development programs in the region, as ministries currently monopolize central planning and fully oversee their branches in the regions.
(Vision 2030) pushes in this direction; among the active government commitments is the program: (Government Restructuring), which aims to expand structural development: "The pattern of government work restructuring globally is moving towards flexibility and continuous restructuring to achieve and serve national priorities. The actual launch in this path has begun, and we will continue this structural development comprehensively and in phases according to priority." There is also the (Program to Enhance Government Work Governance), which aims to define the competencies of government agencies: "We will work on continuous and flexible restructuring of our government agencies, eliminating redundant roles, seeking to unify efforts, facilitate procedures, clearly define competencies, and activate the responsibility of entities in assuming their tasks in a way that allows them to execute and enables accountability."
Developing the tasks of the regional emirates and restructuring them with a focus on the developmental role would elevate developmental plans to a higher level of efficiency, responsibility, and effectiveness. Urban development authorities could be the seed or initial nucleus from which the restructuring project launches, integrating the authority with the emirate and concentrating the emirate's tasks on the developmental side, granting it the powers to manage developmental programs and projects in the region, serving as a (Ministry of Development) linked to the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, and directly connected to the state agencies concerned with developmental decisions, namely: the Ministry of Finance, the Efficiency and Government Projects Authority, and the Ministry of Economy and Planning. The role of other ministries would remain focused on strategic planning, organization, participation in decision-making, and technical supervision of implementation.
Granting the regional emirates a central role in development plans would restructure development programs, contribute to enhancing balanced development, leverage the relative advantages of each region, dismantle centralization in planning and execution, achieve optimal investment of the human capabilities of the nation's sons and daughters, and ignite competitiveness in the fields of development and investment among the Kingdom's regions.
The regional emirates are among the oldest governmental bodies in the Kingdom, as their establishment coincided with the early stages of the state’s foundation. They were part of the state’s organization during the reign of King Abdulaziz - may God have mercy on him - and initially consisted of nine emirates or "provinces," as they were called at that time, each headed by an emir appointed by King Abdulaziz.
In 1383 AH (1963 AD), the regional emirates system witnessed its first organizational development with the issuance of the provinces system, which divided Saudi Arabia into nine provinces with new names and geographical boundaries. This system stated that "the province shall be headed by an administrative governor linked to the Ministry of Interior, and the appointment of the administrative governor shall be by royal decree based on the nomination of the Minister of Interior and the proposal of the Prime Minister, provided that he resides in the province's headquarters."
In 1397 AH (1977 AD), an administrative organization was issued that introduced a new division of the Kingdom, increasing the number of regions to 14. In 1412 AH (1991 AD), the "Regions System" was issued, and its first article stated that "the aim of the system is to raise the level of administrative work, maintain security, and guarantee the rights of citizens." The system divided each region into a number of governorates and centers, and defined the duties of the regional princes with several tasks, including: "maintaining security and order, implementing judicial rulings, ensuring the rights and freedoms of individuals within the limits prescribed by Sharia and law, working to develop the region, enhancing public services in the region, preserving state funds and properties, and supervising government agencies."
It is evident that the tasks and responsibilities of the regional emirates since their establishment have focused on security, rights, and the implementation of judicial rulings. With the establishment of new agencies and the activation of enforcement courts, these roles have diminished, and the tasks of the regional emirates have shifted towards attempting to make an impact on developmental programs and projects. However, they face the dilemma of lacking authority, as even the (Regional Councils) under them are advisory bodies that only provide proposals and recommendations. This leads to the necessity of considering a structural development in the work and tasks of the regional emirates, granting them actual powers to participate in planning and direct supervision of development programs in the region, as ministries currently monopolize central planning and fully oversee their branches in the regions.
(Vision 2030) pushes in this direction; among the active government commitments is the program: (Government Restructuring), which aims to expand structural development: "The pattern of government work restructuring globally is moving towards flexibility and continuous restructuring to achieve and serve national priorities. The actual launch in this path has begun, and we will continue this structural development comprehensively and in phases according to priority." There is also the (Program to Enhance Government Work Governance), which aims to define the competencies of government agencies: "We will work on continuous and flexible restructuring of our government agencies, eliminating redundant roles, seeking to unify efforts, facilitate procedures, clearly define competencies, and activate the responsibility of entities in assuming their tasks in a way that allows them to execute and enables accountability."
Developing the tasks of the regional emirates and restructuring them with a focus on the developmental role would elevate developmental plans to a higher level of efficiency, responsibility, and effectiveness. Urban development authorities could be the seed or initial nucleus from which the restructuring project launches, integrating the authority with the emirate and concentrating the emirate's tasks on the developmental side, granting it the powers to manage developmental programs and projects in the region, serving as a (Ministry of Development) linked to the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, and directly connected to the state agencies concerned with developmental decisions, namely: the Ministry of Finance, the Efficiency and Government Projects Authority, and the Ministry of Economy and Planning. The role of other ministries would remain focused on strategic planning, organization, participation in decision-making, and technical supervision of implementation.
Granting the regional emirates a central role in development plans would restructure development programs, contribute to enhancing balanced development, leverage the relative advantages of each region, dismantle centralization in planning and execution, achieve optimal investment of the human capabilities of the nation's sons and daughters, and ignite competitiveness in the fields of development and investment among the Kingdom's regions.


