هُناك شَيءٌ من التّعارض بين الدّعم والجهد الذي تقدمه وزارة البيئة والمياه والزراعة للقطاع الزراعي من جهة؛ والتّساهل والتباطؤ في مُعالجة العقبات والتحديات التي تواجه هذا القطاع من جهة أخرى؛ فالوزارة تضع الإستراتيجيات وتقدم القروض والإعانات وتنفذ البرامج المتنوعة، لكنها في المقابل لا تقوم بدور ملموس في حلّ ومُعالجة المشاكل الكبرى التي يعاني منها هذا القطاع.
فالقطاع الزراعي يعاني من عقبات ومشاكل رئيسة ومُؤثرة تهدّد بتوقف وإغلاق عدد من المشروعات والمزارع، بل إن بعض المزارع والمشروعات توقفت بالفعل، والعقبات هي:
- ارتفاع تكلفة الوقود السائل، وفواتير الكهرباء، فقد ارتفعت فاتورة استهلاك الديزل، إضافة إلى فاتورة الكهرباء، وأدّت -بالإضافة إلى عوامل أخرى- إلى ارتفاع المُدخلات في القطاع الزراعي، ومع تذبذب أسعار المنتجات الزراعية وانخفاضها، أصبح العائد على الزراعة ضعيفاً وبالكاد يغطي التكاليف.
ولا شك أن هذا الموضوع منوط بالوزارة، فمن مهامها الرفع إلى الجهات العليا عن أبعاد الموضوع وتأثيراته الآنية والمستقبلية، واقتراح الحلول المناسبة، ومن ضمنها اعتماد تعريفة خاصة للمزارعين؛ سواء في أسعار الوقود السائل أو الكهرباء.
المثير للتساؤل، أن الوزارة تبنت برنامجاً حمل مسمى: (إزاحة الوقود السائل) واستبداله بالكهرباء في المزارع، ولم تفكر الوزارة بتبعات هذا القرار الاقتصادية على المُزارع والمشروعات الزراعية، فهناك تكلفة عالية للانتقال من هذا النمط إلى ذاك، والأصل أن يصاحب هذا البرنامج تسهيلات للمزارعين ليس أقلها تخفيض تعرفة استهلاك الكهرباء، رغم أن الأَوْلىٰ والأصْلح -المتماشي مع رؤية ٢٠٣٠- هو التحوّل نحو الطاقة المتجددة، وليس الانتقال من طاقة تسبب التلوث إلى طاقة أخرى مماثلة، فمحطات توليد الكهرباء هي أيضاً من مُلوثّات البيئة.
- زيادة ظاهرة التستر التجاري في القطاع الزراعي، فقد أصبح هذا القطاع مرتعاً خصباً للتستر والعمالة المُخالفة، ويرجع هذا الأمر في أحد جوانبه لارتفاع تكلفة المقابل المالي المقررة على العمالة الوافدة، فبعض المشاريع والمزارع المتوسطة والكبيرة لم تستطع تحمل ارتفاع تكلفة العمالة التي تصل إلى أرقام كبيرة في السنة، وهنا أيضاً يأتي دور الوزارة في العرض على الجهات العليا واقتراح حلول ناجعة؛ ومنها دراسة إمكانية تحمل الدولة المقابل المالي للعمالة الوافدة في المنشآت الزراعية أسوة بالمنشآت الصناعية. المصانع الغذائية التي تعتمد في مادتها الأساسية على منتجات المزارع معفيّة من المقابل المالي، بينما المنشآت الزراعية التي تُنتج تلك المواد لا يشملها الإعفاء.
- يحظى صغار المزارعين باهتمام في برامج الوزارة وأعمالها، وقد نفذت الوزارة في السنوات الأخيرة برامج رائدة لهذه الفئة، لكن هذه الفئة تعاني من جملة مشاكل؛ فبالإضافة إلى ارتفاع تكلفة الوقود والكهرباء يمثل التسويق معضلة عويصة وقديمة، فالمنتجات الزراعية التي ينتجها المزارع الصغير لا يوجد لها منفذ تسويقي سوى سوق الخضار، الذي يشهد في فترات مختلفة انخفاضات حادة في الأسعار لا تكاد تغطي تكلفة نقل المنتج من المزرعة، وموضوع إنشاء شركة تسويقية تملك وسائل تخزين وتبريد وإمدادات نقل بين مناطق المملكة موضوع قديم ويأتي ذكره في تصريحات مسؤولي الوزارة منذ سنوات، لكنه لم ير النور حتى هذه اللحظة، ورغم التطور الذي تشهده المملكة مع (رؤية ٢٠٣٠) إلا أن هذا الموضوع ظل عصيّاً على التنفيذ، ومما فاقم الأمر أن الوزارة ومن خلال ذراعها التمويلي صندوق التنمية الزراعية توسعت في منح قروض لنشاط البيوت المحمية، وهذا بدوره أدّى إلى زيادة الإنتاج في بعض المناطق، وبالتالي انخفاض الأسعار.
إن مشكلة تسويق منتجات صغار المزارعين تعد معضلة مستمرة، ويعوّل على الوزارة أن تبتكر الحلول والمعالجات المناسبة لها، فالمُزارع هو الحلقة الأضعف في دائرة تسويق المنتجات الزراعية، فبينما يستفيد (الدلاّل) في السوق، وبائعو تجزئة الخضار، والتموينات الكبيرة من هامش ربح ثابت من هذه المنتجات؛ يقع المزارع في فخ الأسعار المنخفضة التي أصبحت سمة من سمات السوق.
إن إيجاد مراكز تسويق وتخزين للمنتجات الزراعية مُزوّدة بسلاسل إمدادات نقل وخدمات لوجستية، يعدّ رافعة مهمة في تنمية القطاع الزراعي، فلا معنى لدعم المزارع الصغير بالقروض وبرامج الوقاية الدورية في الوقت الذي يضيق بمنتجاته ولا يجد من يشتريها إلا بثمن بخس.
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
There is a contradiction between the support and effort provided by the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture to the agricultural sector on one hand, and the leniency and delay in addressing the obstacles and challenges facing this sector on the other hand. The ministry sets strategies, provides loans and subsidies, and implements various programs; however, it does not play a tangible role in solving and addressing the major problems that this sector suffers from.
The agricultural sector is facing significant and impactful obstacles and problems that threaten the closure of several projects and farms. In fact, some farms and projects have already ceased operations, and the obstacles are:
- The rising cost of liquid fuel and electricity bills. The diesel consumption bill has increased, in addition to the electricity bill, which, along with other factors, has led to a rise in inputs in the agricultural sector. With the fluctuation and decline in agricultural product prices, the return on agriculture has become weak and barely covers costs.
There is no doubt that this issue falls under the ministry's responsibilities. It is tasked with reporting to higher authorities about the implications of the issue and its current and future impacts, and proposing appropriate solutions, including adopting a special tariff for farmers, whether for liquid fuel prices or electricity.
What is puzzling is that the ministry adopted a program called "Displacing Liquid Fuel" and replacing it with electricity in farms, without considering the economic repercussions of this decision on farmers and agricultural projects. There is a high cost associated with transitioning from one system to another, and ideally, this program should be accompanied by facilities for farmers, including reducing the electricity consumption tariff. Although the more appropriate and fitting approach, in line with Vision 2030, is to shift towards renewable energy, rather than transitioning from a polluting energy source to another similar source, as electricity generation stations are also environmental pollutants.
- The increase in the phenomenon of commercial concealment in the agricultural sector. This sector has become a fertile ground for concealment and illegal labor. One aspect of this issue is the high financial costs imposed on foreign labor. Some medium and large projects and farms have been unable to bear the rising labor costs, which reach significant amounts annually. Here, too, the ministry's role comes into play by presenting to higher authorities and proposing effective solutions, including studying the possibility of the state covering the financial costs for foreign labor in agricultural establishments, similar to industrial establishments. Food factories that rely on farm products are exempt from financial costs, while agricultural establishments producing those materials do not benefit from this exemption.
- Small farmers receive attention in the ministry's programs and activities. The ministry has implemented pioneering programs for this group in recent years, but this group suffers from a range of problems. In addition to the rising costs of fuel and electricity, marketing represents a longstanding and complex dilemma. The agricultural products produced by small farmers have no marketing outlet other than the vegetable market, which experiences sharp price declines at different times that barely cover the cost of transporting the product from the farm. The topic of establishing a marketing company that owns storage and cooling facilities and transportation supplies between regions of the Kingdom is an old one, mentioned in statements by ministry officials for years, yet it has not come to fruition until now. Despite the progress witnessed by the Kingdom with Vision 2030, this issue remains difficult to implement. Compounding the problem is that the ministry, through its financing arm, the Agricultural Development Fund, has expanded the granting of loans for greenhouse activities, which in turn has led to increased production in some areas, and consequently, lower prices.
The issue of marketing products from small farmers remains a persistent dilemma, and the ministry is expected to innovate appropriate solutions and treatments for it. The farmer is the weakest link in the agricultural product marketing chain. While the "broker" in the market, vegetable retailers, and large supply stores benefit from a fixed profit margin from these products, the farmer falls into the trap of low prices, which have become a hallmark of the market.
Establishing marketing and storage centers for agricultural products equipped with supply chains and logistical services is an important lever in developing the agricultural sector. There is no point in supporting small farmers with loans and periodic preventive programs while they are struggling to sell their products and can only find buyers at a meager price.
The agricultural sector is facing significant and impactful obstacles and problems that threaten the closure of several projects and farms. In fact, some farms and projects have already ceased operations, and the obstacles are:
- The rising cost of liquid fuel and electricity bills. The diesel consumption bill has increased, in addition to the electricity bill, which, along with other factors, has led to a rise in inputs in the agricultural sector. With the fluctuation and decline in agricultural product prices, the return on agriculture has become weak and barely covers costs.
There is no doubt that this issue falls under the ministry's responsibilities. It is tasked with reporting to higher authorities about the implications of the issue and its current and future impacts, and proposing appropriate solutions, including adopting a special tariff for farmers, whether for liquid fuel prices or electricity.
What is puzzling is that the ministry adopted a program called "Displacing Liquid Fuel" and replacing it with electricity in farms, without considering the economic repercussions of this decision on farmers and agricultural projects. There is a high cost associated with transitioning from one system to another, and ideally, this program should be accompanied by facilities for farmers, including reducing the electricity consumption tariff. Although the more appropriate and fitting approach, in line with Vision 2030, is to shift towards renewable energy, rather than transitioning from a polluting energy source to another similar source, as electricity generation stations are also environmental pollutants.
- The increase in the phenomenon of commercial concealment in the agricultural sector. This sector has become a fertile ground for concealment and illegal labor. One aspect of this issue is the high financial costs imposed on foreign labor. Some medium and large projects and farms have been unable to bear the rising labor costs, which reach significant amounts annually. Here, too, the ministry's role comes into play by presenting to higher authorities and proposing effective solutions, including studying the possibility of the state covering the financial costs for foreign labor in agricultural establishments, similar to industrial establishments. Food factories that rely on farm products are exempt from financial costs, while agricultural establishments producing those materials do not benefit from this exemption.
- Small farmers receive attention in the ministry's programs and activities. The ministry has implemented pioneering programs for this group in recent years, but this group suffers from a range of problems. In addition to the rising costs of fuel and electricity, marketing represents a longstanding and complex dilemma. The agricultural products produced by small farmers have no marketing outlet other than the vegetable market, which experiences sharp price declines at different times that barely cover the cost of transporting the product from the farm. The topic of establishing a marketing company that owns storage and cooling facilities and transportation supplies between regions of the Kingdom is an old one, mentioned in statements by ministry officials for years, yet it has not come to fruition until now. Despite the progress witnessed by the Kingdom with Vision 2030, this issue remains difficult to implement. Compounding the problem is that the ministry, through its financing arm, the Agricultural Development Fund, has expanded the granting of loans for greenhouse activities, which in turn has led to increased production in some areas, and consequently, lower prices.
The issue of marketing products from small farmers remains a persistent dilemma, and the ministry is expected to innovate appropriate solutions and treatments for it. The farmer is the weakest link in the agricultural product marketing chain. While the "broker" in the market, vegetable retailers, and large supply stores benefit from a fixed profit margin from these products, the farmer falls into the trap of low prices, which have become a hallmark of the market.
Establishing marketing and storage centers for agricultural products equipped with supply chains and logistical services is an important lever in developing the agricultural sector. There is no point in supporting small farmers with loans and periodic preventive programs while they are struggling to sell their products and can only find buyers at a meager price.


