«الدموع» مادة سائلة يفرزها الجسم للحفاظ على رطوبة العين وحمايتها من التهيج، وسيلانها على الخدين تختلف ظروفها باختلاف الطبيعة والموقف، إذ تذرف فرحاً، أو حزناً عند توديع مسافر، وعند مفارقة حبيب، ووداع رفيق، وتذرف أيضاً عند استقبال الوليد، وعند الفرح بقدوم الحفيد، أو حتى عند الحصول على ترقية، أو مناسبة مبهجة!
وتذرف الدموع مدراراً عند الاشتياق للقاء غائب، وعند الوصول لحلم طال انتظاره، وتحقيق إنجازه، وانقشع وجعه، فيستكين الإنسان إلى زاوية يطلق لنفسه العنان فتسيل أدمعه.
الدموع هي التعبير الطبيعي عن الألم، وعندما تتكاثر هموم الحياة ومشكلاتها على الإنسان ويقف عاجزاً أمامها لا يملك خياراً غير دموعه ليغسل قلبه من كل ما يؤلمه.
فالدموع وبحسب المختصين، تسكن الروح، وتطفئ لهيب القلب، وتصبّر النفس، وتقف أمام قسوة الحياة، فبعض مواقفها وأحداثها تجعل النفس تبكي ولا تتوقف حتى عندما يشرق الأمل في سماء الروح والقلب.
هذه النعمة، «ذرف الدموع» البعض محروم منها.. لا يبكي لا حزنا ولا فرحاً، رغم أن للبكاء فوائده، إذ يخلص النفس من التوتر والضغوطات ويحسن المزاج، ويسهم في إفراز هرمونات السعادة، ويعزز الهدوء النفسي، وينظف العين من المهيجات والبكتيريا، والأهم من كل ذلك يساهم في تنظيم العواطف النفسية، ويحكي عن خسارتنا ونجاحنا وآلام قلوبنا.
تغزل الشعراء بالدموع حتى أن الجواهري قال:
لا تبخسوا قدر الدموع فإنها
دفع الهموم تفيض من ينبوع
للنَّفس حالاتٌ يَلَذُّ لها الأسى
وترى البكاءَ كواجِبٍ مشروع
فيما قال الشاعر بهاء الدين زهير:
إذا ما جرى من جفن غيري أدمع
جرت من جفوني أبحر وسيول
ويرى المتنبي أن الدموع تفضح ما بداخل الإنسان من مشاعر وأحاسيس، فيقول:
وكاتم الحب يوم البين منتهك
وصاحب الدمع لا تخفى سرائره
لكن أبا فراس الحمداني كان أكثر الشعراء تأثراً بالدمع في شعره، فهو يرى الدموع راحة للنفس:
يا خليليّ خلياني ودمعي
إن في الدمع راحة المكروب
لكنه أنكر ذلك في قصيدة أخرى:
بكيت فلما لم أرَ الدمع نافعي
رجعت إلى صبر أمرّ من الصبر
وفي موقف ثالث أصر الحمداني أن يثبت أن الدموع عصية على النزول، فقال قصيدته المشهورة التي تغنت بها أم كلثوم وذاع صيتها:
أراك عصي الدمع شيمتك الصبر
أما للهوى نهي عليك ولا أمر
فيما حذر أبو العلاء المعري من جفاف الدمع وقال:
ولقد لمت أن جمدت أدمعي
وما لمت جفني لما ذرف
احمي عيونك من البخور ودخان الشيشةأبحرت «عكاظ» في عيون المختصين والأطباء لتتعرف على حقيقة قاسي القلب وجاف العين، فيرى استشاري طب وجراحة العيون- تخصص أمراض وجراحات القرنية وتصحيح الإبصار الدكتور محمد عبدالواسع قوقندي، أن أسباب قسوة القلب والعين لدى البعض أنهم يعانون من مشاكل في إفرازات الغدة الدمعية التي تكون ضعيفة أو غير موجودة أصلاً رغم أهميتها للعين حتى تعمل بشكل صحيح «فالعين مثل الماكينة لا بد أن تترطب لتعمل دون احتكاك، عندها تكون الرؤية واضحة دون عيوب، لذلك دائماً ننصح بالمحافظة على نظافة العين وعدم تعريضها لأي شوائب أو البقاء في مواقع قد تؤثر على سلامتها وتضعف من قدرة الغدد الدمعية على الإنتاج، وفي حال الإصابة يتم علاج الأسباب وأحياناً بالأدوية المساعدة لعمل الغدد الدمعية ومنها قطرات صناعية».
ويحذّر دكتور العيون قوقندي، من تعرض العين للبخور ونفث السجائر والشيشة لأنها مواد مهيجة للعين ومضرة للصحة ومسببة لزيادة جفاف العين. ويشير إلى الحذر من إصابات العين أو بعض الضربات حتى لا تفقد حاسة الدموع خصوصاً إذا كانت الإصابة في الغدد الدمعية ومجاريها.
ويرى شكوى البعض من سيلان عينيه بالدمع دون موقف أنها من علامات جفاف العين، فالعين تكون متهيجة وتحتاج إلى دمع طبيعي لكنها غير قادرة فتنهمر، وهذا شعور غير طبيعي، ففي بعض الحالات يكون إفراز الدمع طبيعياً، لكن مجرى تصريف الدمع يكون ضيقاً أو مقفلاً فيتسبب في سيلان الدموع.
استشاري طب وجراحة العيون الدكتور قوقندي، يؤكد لـ«عكاظ»، أن جفاف العين لدى الجنسين متقارب طالما كانوا في بيئة معيشية متساوية، وفي ظروف بيئة واحدة، وإن كانت النساء أكثر قليلاً بسبب استعمالهن أدوات التجميل بشكل مفرط.
أطلق دموعك.. حتى لا تفقد بصرك!
أخصائي البصريات صلاح أمين محمد قال لـ«عكاظ»: إن الله خلق دمع الإنسان وذكره في القرآن الكريم،
(وإذا سمعوا ما أنزل إلى الرسول ترى أعينهم تفيض من الدمع)، فالدموع هي مركبات كيميائية تختلف باختلاف أسبابها وأنواعها، تفرزها باستمرار القنوات الدمعية، وفي كل مرة ترمش العين لتساعدها على البقاء رطبة وتحميها من التلف، وفي الوقت نفسه هي مسؤولة عن تغذيتها وهي غنية بمضادات للبكتيريا لحماية العين من الفايروسات والبكتيريا، وعند تعرضها للمهيجات أو لأجسام غريبة أو الدخول في أي حالة نفسية، تحاول التخلص منها بالتدفق، ولها وظائف أساسية لحماية البصر، فتعرض العين للجفاف يؤدي إلى ضعف الرؤية، لذلك دائماً ينصح الأطباء بتجنيب العين أي مهيجات وغسلها حال تعرضها لأي أتربة.
ويشير أخصائي البصريات صلاح إلى ان الدموع العاطفية تعمل على منع جفاف العين، فالبكاء في حال الحزن يعد طريقة لموازنة المشاعر القوية، فيما يتسبب من يحاول إمساك نفسه وعدم السماح لدمعه بالجريان في ضرر عينه، وهناك الكثير ممن فقد بصره نتيجة إمساك نفسه فأصيبت قرنية العين.
المواليد لا يدمعون
!يضيف أخصائي البصريات صلاح، أن من أسباب عدم سيلان دموع أطفال حديثي الولادة عدم تطور وتشكل الغدد الدمعية لديهم إلا بعد مضي شهر من الولادة، وبكاء الإنسان في نومه هو حقيقة وشائع بين الأطفال نتيجة الكوابيس في منامهم وخوفهم أثناء الليل وشعورهم ببعض الآلام، لذلك يرى مختصو العيون، أن «خفاق العين» مشكلة شائعة وغالباً ما تكون مزمنة وتحدث عند قلة إفراز الدموع أو عدم قدرة الغدد على إفرازها ويقل إنتاجها مع التقدم في العمر بسبب التغيرات الهرمونية مع وجود أسباب أخرى؛ ومنها الإصابة ببعض الأمراض مثل التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، وأمراض الغده الدرقية.
ويحذر الأخصائي صلاح أمين، من الجلوس أمام شاشات التلفزيون لفترات طوية، واستخدام العدسات اللاصقة لفترات طويلة، ناصحاً في الوقت نفسه بمراجعة طبيب العيون عند الشعور بأعراض جفاف العين، الذي يسبب الشعور بعدم بالراحة.
3 من 10 مصابون بالجفاف
أخصائي طب وجراحة العيون الدكتور جابر عبدالرزاق، أشار إلى وجود دراسة حديثة أظهرت أن ثلاثة من بين عشرة أشخاص في المملكة يعانون من جفاف العين. وهو ناتج عن عدم توفر الترطيب الكافي للعين، ما يؤدي لظهور أعراض الجفاف عند الاستيقاظ من النوم، وعند التعرض للرياح والحرارة الجافة، فيحدث تبخر مفاجئ لطبقة الدموع السطحية مع عدم قدرة الغدد الدمعية على العمل لخلل وظيفي على إنتاج دموع كافية، ما يسبب ظهور الأعراض المرتبطة بجفاف العيون مثل الحرقان والخشونة مع إفرازات لزجة وحساسيه للضوء واحمرار، وقد تصحبها صعوبة في استخدام العدسات اللاصقة والقيادة ليلاً نتيجة الضبابية في الرؤية.
وعن أسباب جفاف العين يوضح أخصائي طب وجراحة العيون الدكتور عبدالرزاق، أنه يحدث نتيجة خلل في طبقات سطح العين، فالغشاء السطحي يتكون من ثلاث طبقات؛ وهي الطبقة الخارجية الزيتية والمائية والمخاطية الملاصقة لسطح العين، ويظل سطح العين رطباً ومتماسكاً بفضل المزيج الذي تفرزه الغدد الدمعية، وعند حدوث خلل في الغدد الدمعية مع التغيرات الهرمونية والتقدم في العمر، أو التهاب الجفون المتكرر، أو استخدام العدسات اللاصقة تتسبب في انخفاض حساسية عصب القرنية فيحدث جفاف العين، وقد يحدث الجفاف بسبب قلة الرمش بالعينين مع مرض «باركنسون»، والتهاب العصب السابع، أو القراءة والتركيز على شاشات الكمبيوتر، أو القيادة لساعات طويلة، وبعض الأدوية قد تؤدى إلى تفاقم أعراض الجفاف بالعينين مثل قطرات إزالة الاحتقان، ومضادات الهيستامين، وقطرات علاج ضغط العين، وأدوية منع الحمل، وعلاج حب الشباب. موضحاً أن جفاف العين من الدموع يحتاج لمراجعة الطبيب لتحديد العلاج، لأنه في كثير من الحالات يعتبره الطبيب مرضاً مزمناً ويتنوع العلاج حسب شده الحالة والمسببات.
ثقوب لسيلان الدموع
الأكاديمية الأمريكية لطب العيون، أشارت إلى أن الدموع تتألف من البروتينات والماء والزيت والمخاط، ومن غدد دمعية موجودة تحت الجفن العلوي في العين، وتمرّ عبر القنوات الدمعية الموجودة بين العينين والأنف التي تعمل كحوض لتجميع السوائل، وعند امتلاء العينين بالدموع، تتسرب عبر القنوات، والإنسان يمتلك قناتين دمعيتين بالقرب من الزاوية الداخلية للعين على شكل ثقوب، وعندما تتدفق الدموع بسرعة في حالات البكاء أو الضحك الشديد لا تستطيع القنوات الدمعية ترشيح كل الدموع، ما يؤدي إلى تسرب بعضها خلال الأنف، ومع تقدم الإنسان في العمر يتباطأ إنتاج الدموع القاعدية ما قد يؤدي إلى جفاف العين؛ نتيجة تغيرات هرمونية خصوصاً لدى النساء أثناء الحمل وانقطاع الطمث، كما يمكن أن تُسبب العدسات اللاصقة وبعض الأدوية جفاف العين.
الحذر من مجفف الشعر
وزارة الصحة أوضحت «أن الدموع تتكون من ثلاث طبقات رئيسية؛ زيت، وماء، ومخاط، فالطبقة الزيتية الخارجية تجعل السطح مكان الدموع في العين أملسَ، وتمنع جفاف الدموع بسرعة كبيرة، فيما تشكل الطبقة الوسطى المائية معظم ما نراه بالدموع وهي مسؤولة عن تنظيف وترطيب العين، وحماية القرنية، أما الطبقة الثالثة وهي الداخلية المخاطية فتغطي بياض العين، وداخل الجفون، ومسؤولة عن نشر الطبقة المائية على سطح العين لإبقائها رطبة».
وأشارت الوزارة إلى أن جفاف العين شائع ومزمن ومن أسبابه الإصابة ببعض الأمراض منها التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، و«متلازمة سجوجرن»، ومطالعة شاشة الكمبيوتر أو القراءة لفترة طويلة، وعدم ممارسة الأنشطة التي تقلل من رمش العين، واستخدام العدسات اللاصقة لفترة طويلة، وإجراء جراحة العين الانكسارية، وتناول بعض الأدوية كمدرات البول، وعلاج مشاكل القلب أو ارتفاع ضغط الدم، وأدوية الحموضة المعوية. وقالت الوزارة «إن الوقاية تتمثل في عدم استخدام مجفف الشعر إن أمكن، وحماية العين من الرياح الجافة عن طريق ارتداء النظارات الخاصة، واستخدام مرهم للدموع أو قطرات كثيفة للعين قبل الذهاب إلى الفراش مباشرةً، والرمش بانتظام عند القراءة أو النظر في شاشة الكمبيوتر لفترات طويلة من الوقت، وشرب الكثير من الماء يومياً، والحصول على قسط كاف من النوم».
«عكاظ» تسأل اختصاصيي العيون عن فوائد البكاء ودموع الفرح..
عصي الدمع!
25 يوليو 2025 - 04:08
|
آخر تحديث 25 يوليو 2025 - 04:08
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
محمد الهتار (جدة)alhattar@
"The 'tears' are a liquid substance secreted by the body to maintain eye moisture and protect it from irritation. Their flow down the cheeks varies according to different circumstances and situations, as they may be shed in joy, or in sorrow when bidding farewell to a traveler, parting from a loved one, or saying goodbye to a companion. Tears are also shed upon welcoming a newborn, celebrating the arrival of a grandchild, or even when receiving a promotion or during a joyful occasion!
Tears flow abundantly when longing for a meeting with someone who is absent, when achieving a long-awaited dream, and when the pain subsides, allowing a person to retreat to a corner where they can let their emotions flow freely.
Tears are the natural expression of pain, and when life's worries and problems accumulate, leaving a person helpless before them, they have no choice but to rely on their tears to cleanse their heart of all that hurts.
According to specialists, tears soothe the soul, extinguish the flames of the heart, comfort the self, and stand against the harshness of life. Some situations and events make the soul cry and not stop even when hope shines in the sky of the spirit and heart.
This blessing, 'shedding tears,' is denied to some... they do not cry, neither in sorrow nor in joy, despite the benefits of crying, which relieves the self from tension and stress, improves mood, contributes to the release of happiness hormones, enhances psychological calmness, cleanses the eyes from irritants and bacteria, and most importantly, helps regulate emotional feelings, narrating our losses, successes, and the pains of our hearts.
Poets have sung about tears, to the extent that Al-Jawahiri said:
Do not underestimate the value of tears, for they
Are the overflow of worries from a spring
There are states for the soul that delight in sorrow
And see crying as a legitimate duty
While the poet Baha' al-Din Zuhair said:
If tears flow from the eyelids of another
Oceans and torrents flow from my eyes
Al-Mutanabbi believes that tears reveal what is inside a person in terms of feelings and emotions, saying:
And the keeper of love on the day of separation is violated
And the owner of tears does not hide his secrets
But Abu Firas al-Hamdani was the most affected poet by tears in his poetry, seeing them as a comfort for the soul:
O my friends, leave me and my tears
For in tears is comfort for the distressed
Yet he denied this in another poem:
I cried, and when I did not see the tears benefiting me
I returned to a patience more bitter than patience
In a third position, al-Hamdani insisted on proving that tears are resistant to flowing, saying his famous poem that was sung by Umm Kulthum and became widely known:
I see you, the tear-resistant, your trait is patience
Is there no prohibition or command for love upon you?
While Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri warned against the dryness of tears, saying:
And I have blamed myself for my tears freezing
And I did not blame my eyelids for shedding
Protect your eyes from incense and shisha smoke.
‘Okaz’ delved into the eyes of specialists and doctors to understand the reality of the hard-hearted and dry-eyed. Dr. Muhammad Abdul-Wasi' Quqandi, a consultant in ophthalmology and eye surgery specializing in corneal diseases and vision correction, sees that the reasons for some people's hard-heartedness and dry eyes are that they suffer from problems in tear gland secretions, which may be weak or even absent despite their importance for the eyes to function properly. 'The eye is like a machine; it must be moist to work without friction, then vision is clear without defects. Therefore, we always advise maintaining eye cleanliness and avoiding exposure to any impurities or staying in places that may affect their safety and weaken the tear glands' ability to produce. In case of injury, the causes are treated, sometimes with medications to assist the tear glands, including artificial drops.'
Dr. Quqandi warns against exposing the eyes to incense, cigarette smoke, and shisha, as they are irritants to the eyes, harmful to health, and cause increased dryness. He emphasizes caution against eye injuries or certain blows to avoid losing the ability to tear, especially if the injury is in the tear glands and their ducts.
He sees complaints from some about their eyes shedding tears without a situation as signs of dry eyes, where the eye is irritated and needs natural tears but cannot produce them, leading to overflow. This is an abnormal feeling; in some cases, tear secretion is natural, but the drainage duct may be narrow or blocked, causing tears to flow.
Consultant ophthalmologist Dr. Quqandi confirms to ‘Okaz’ that dry eyes are similar in both genders as long as they are in an equal living environment and under the same conditions, although women are slightly more affected due to their excessive use of cosmetics.
Let your tears flow... so you don’t lose your sight!
Optometrist Salah Amin Muhammad told ‘Okaz’: God created human tears and mentioned them in the Holy Quran,
(And when they hear what has been revealed to the Messenger, you see their eyes overflowing with tears), tears are chemical compounds that vary according to their causes and types, secreted continuously by the tear ducts, and every time the eye blinks, they help keep it moist and protect it from damage. At the same time, they are responsible for nourishing it and are rich in antibacterial properties to protect the eye from viruses and bacteria. When exposed to irritants or foreign bodies or entering any psychological state, they try to expel them by flowing, and they have essential functions for protecting vision. Exposing the eye to dryness leads to weakened vision, so doctors always advise avoiding any irritants and washing the eyes if exposed to any dust.
Optometrist Salah points out that emotional tears help prevent dry eyes; crying in sadness is a way to balance strong emotions. Those who try to hold back and not allow their tears to flow harm their eyes, and many have lost their sight as a result of holding back, leading to corneal damage.
Newborns do not cry
!Optometrist Salah adds that one of the reasons newborns do not shed tears is that their tear glands do not develop and form until a month after birth. Crying during sleep is a reality and common among children due to nightmares and fears at night and feelings of some pain. Therefore, eye specialists see that 'eye fluttering' is a common problem and often chronic, occurring with insufficient tear secretion or the inability of the glands to produce them. Production decreases with aging due to hormonal changes, along with other causes such as certain diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disorders.
Specialist Salah Amin warns against sitting in front of television screens for long periods and using contact lenses for extended durations, advising at the same time to consult an eye doctor when feeling symptoms of dry eyes, which cause discomfort.
3 out of 10 suffer from dryness
Ophthalmologist Dr. Jaber Abdul-Razzaq indicated that a recent study showed that three out of ten people in the Kingdom suffer from dry eyes. This is due to insufficient moisture for the eyes, leading to symptoms of dryness upon waking up, and when exposed to wind and dry heat, sudden evaporation of the surface tear layer occurs, with the tear glands unable to function due to a functional disorder in producing sufficient tears, causing symptoms associated with dry eyes such as burning, roughness, sticky secretions, light sensitivity, and redness, which may be accompanied by difficulty using contact lenses and driving at night due to blurred vision.
Regarding the causes of dry eyes, ophthalmologist Dr. Abdul-Razzaq explains that it occurs due to a malfunction in the surface layers of the eye. The surface membrane consists of three layers: the outer oily layer, the watery layer, and the mucous layer adjacent to the eye surface. The eye surface remains moist and cohesive thanks to the mixture secreted by the tear glands. When there is a malfunction in the tear glands along with hormonal changes and aging, or repeated eyelid inflammation, or the use of contact lenses, it causes decreased sensitivity of the corneal nerve, leading to dry eyes. Dryness may also occur due to reduced blinking with 'Parkinson's disease,' inflammation of the seventh nerve, or reading and focusing on computer screens, or driving for long hours. Some medications may exacerbate dry eye symptoms, such as decongestant drops, antihistamines, glaucoma drops, contraceptives, and acne treatments. He clarifies that dry eyes from tears require a doctor's consultation to determine treatment, as in many cases, the doctor considers it a chronic condition, and treatment varies according to the severity of the case and its causes.
Holes for tear flow
The American Academy of Ophthalmology indicated that tears consist of proteins, water, oil, and mucus, and are produced by tear glands located under the upper eyelid. They pass through the tear ducts located between the eyes and the nose, which act as a reservoir for collecting fluids. When the eyes fill with tears, they leak through the ducts. A person has two tear ducts near the inner corner of the eye in the form of holes. When tears flow rapidly in cases of crying or intense laughter, the tear ducts cannot filter all the tears, leading some to leak through the nose. As a person ages, the production of basal tears slows down, which may lead to dry eyes due to hormonal changes, especially in women during pregnancy and menopause. Contact lenses and certain medications can also cause dry eyes.
Beware of hair dryers
The Ministry of Health clarified that tears consist of three main layers: oil, water, and mucus. The outer oily layer makes the tear surface in the eye smooth and prevents tears from drying out too quickly, while the middle watery layer constitutes most of what we see in tears and is responsible for cleaning and moistening the eye, protecting the cornea. The third layer, the inner mucous layer, covers the white part of the eye and inside the eyelids, and is responsible for spreading the watery layer over the surface of the eye to keep it moist.
The ministry indicated that dry eyes are common and chronic, caused by certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and 'Sjögren's syndrome,' prolonged reading of computer screens, or reading for long periods, not engaging in activities that reduce blinking, using contact lenses for extended periods, undergoing refractive eye surgery, and taking certain medications like diuretics, heart medications, or high blood pressure medications, and antacids. The ministry stated, 'Prevention involves avoiding the use of hair dryers if possible, protecting the eyes from dry winds by wearing special glasses, using tear ointment or thick eye drops before going to bed, blinking regularly when reading or looking at computer screens for long periods, drinking plenty of water daily, and getting enough sleep.'"
Tears flow abundantly when longing for a meeting with someone who is absent, when achieving a long-awaited dream, and when the pain subsides, allowing a person to retreat to a corner where they can let their emotions flow freely.
Tears are the natural expression of pain, and when life's worries and problems accumulate, leaving a person helpless before them, they have no choice but to rely on their tears to cleanse their heart of all that hurts.
According to specialists, tears soothe the soul, extinguish the flames of the heart, comfort the self, and stand against the harshness of life. Some situations and events make the soul cry and not stop even when hope shines in the sky of the spirit and heart.
This blessing, 'shedding tears,' is denied to some... they do not cry, neither in sorrow nor in joy, despite the benefits of crying, which relieves the self from tension and stress, improves mood, contributes to the release of happiness hormones, enhances psychological calmness, cleanses the eyes from irritants and bacteria, and most importantly, helps regulate emotional feelings, narrating our losses, successes, and the pains of our hearts.
Poets have sung about tears, to the extent that Al-Jawahiri said:
Do not underestimate the value of tears, for they
Are the overflow of worries from a spring
There are states for the soul that delight in sorrow
And see crying as a legitimate duty
While the poet Baha' al-Din Zuhair said:
If tears flow from the eyelids of another
Oceans and torrents flow from my eyes
Al-Mutanabbi believes that tears reveal what is inside a person in terms of feelings and emotions, saying:
And the keeper of love on the day of separation is violated
And the owner of tears does not hide his secrets
But Abu Firas al-Hamdani was the most affected poet by tears in his poetry, seeing them as a comfort for the soul:
O my friends, leave me and my tears
For in tears is comfort for the distressed
Yet he denied this in another poem:
I cried, and when I did not see the tears benefiting me
I returned to a patience more bitter than patience
In a third position, al-Hamdani insisted on proving that tears are resistant to flowing, saying his famous poem that was sung by Umm Kulthum and became widely known:
I see you, the tear-resistant, your trait is patience
Is there no prohibition or command for love upon you?
While Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri warned against the dryness of tears, saying:
And I have blamed myself for my tears freezing
And I did not blame my eyelids for shedding
Protect your eyes from incense and shisha smoke.
‘Okaz’ delved into the eyes of specialists and doctors to understand the reality of the hard-hearted and dry-eyed. Dr. Muhammad Abdul-Wasi' Quqandi, a consultant in ophthalmology and eye surgery specializing in corneal diseases and vision correction, sees that the reasons for some people's hard-heartedness and dry eyes are that they suffer from problems in tear gland secretions, which may be weak or even absent despite their importance for the eyes to function properly. 'The eye is like a machine; it must be moist to work without friction, then vision is clear without defects. Therefore, we always advise maintaining eye cleanliness and avoiding exposure to any impurities or staying in places that may affect their safety and weaken the tear glands' ability to produce. In case of injury, the causes are treated, sometimes with medications to assist the tear glands, including artificial drops.'
Dr. Quqandi warns against exposing the eyes to incense, cigarette smoke, and shisha, as they are irritants to the eyes, harmful to health, and cause increased dryness. He emphasizes caution against eye injuries or certain blows to avoid losing the ability to tear, especially if the injury is in the tear glands and their ducts.
He sees complaints from some about their eyes shedding tears without a situation as signs of dry eyes, where the eye is irritated and needs natural tears but cannot produce them, leading to overflow. This is an abnormal feeling; in some cases, tear secretion is natural, but the drainage duct may be narrow or blocked, causing tears to flow.
Consultant ophthalmologist Dr. Quqandi confirms to ‘Okaz’ that dry eyes are similar in both genders as long as they are in an equal living environment and under the same conditions, although women are slightly more affected due to their excessive use of cosmetics.
Let your tears flow... so you don’t lose your sight!
Optometrist Salah Amin Muhammad told ‘Okaz’: God created human tears and mentioned them in the Holy Quran,
(And when they hear what has been revealed to the Messenger, you see their eyes overflowing with tears), tears are chemical compounds that vary according to their causes and types, secreted continuously by the tear ducts, and every time the eye blinks, they help keep it moist and protect it from damage. At the same time, they are responsible for nourishing it and are rich in antibacterial properties to protect the eye from viruses and bacteria. When exposed to irritants or foreign bodies or entering any psychological state, they try to expel them by flowing, and they have essential functions for protecting vision. Exposing the eye to dryness leads to weakened vision, so doctors always advise avoiding any irritants and washing the eyes if exposed to any dust.
Optometrist Salah points out that emotional tears help prevent dry eyes; crying in sadness is a way to balance strong emotions. Those who try to hold back and not allow their tears to flow harm their eyes, and many have lost their sight as a result of holding back, leading to corneal damage.
Newborns do not cry
!Optometrist Salah adds that one of the reasons newborns do not shed tears is that their tear glands do not develop and form until a month after birth. Crying during sleep is a reality and common among children due to nightmares and fears at night and feelings of some pain. Therefore, eye specialists see that 'eye fluttering' is a common problem and often chronic, occurring with insufficient tear secretion or the inability of the glands to produce them. Production decreases with aging due to hormonal changes, along with other causes such as certain diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disorders.
Specialist Salah Amin warns against sitting in front of television screens for long periods and using contact lenses for extended durations, advising at the same time to consult an eye doctor when feeling symptoms of dry eyes, which cause discomfort.
3 out of 10 suffer from dryness
Ophthalmologist Dr. Jaber Abdul-Razzaq indicated that a recent study showed that three out of ten people in the Kingdom suffer from dry eyes. This is due to insufficient moisture for the eyes, leading to symptoms of dryness upon waking up, and when exposed to wind and dry heat, sudden evaporation of the surface tear layer occurs, with the tear glands unable to function due to a functional disorder in producing sufficient tears, causing symptoms associated with dry eyes such as burning, roughness, sticky secretions, light sensitivity, and redness, which may be accompanied by difficulty using contact lenses and driving at night due to blurred vision.
Regarding the causes of dry eyes, ophthalmologist Dr. Abdul-Razzaq explains that it occurs due to a malfunction in the surface layers of the eye. The surface membrane consists of three layers: the outer oily layer, the watery layer, and the mucous layer adjacent to the eye surface. The eye surface remains moist and cohesive thanks to the mixture secreted by the tear glands. When there is a malfunction in the tear glands along with hormonal changes and aging, or repeated eyelid inflammation, or the use of contact lenses, it causes decreased sensitivity of the corneal nerve, leading to dry eyes. Dryness may also occur due to reduced blinking with 'Parkinson's disease,' inflammation of the seventh nerve, or reading and focusing on computer screens, or driving for long hours. Some medications may exacerbate dry eye symptoms, such as decongestant drops, antihistamines, glaucoma drops, contraceptives, and acne treatments. He clarifies that dry eyes from tears require a doctor's consultation to determine treatment, as in many cases, the doctor considers it a chronic condition, and treatment varies according to the severity of the case and its causes.
Holes for tear flow
The American Academy of Ophthalmology indicated that tears consist of proteins, water, oil, and mucus, and are produced by tear glands located under the upper eyelid. They pass through the tear ducts located between the eyes and the nose, which act as a reservoir for collecting fluids. When the eyes fill with tears, they leak through the ducts. A person has two tear ducts near the inner corner of the eye in the form of holes. When tears flow rapidly in cases of crying or intense laughter, the tear ducts cannot filter all the tears, leading some to leak through the nose. As a person ages, the production of basal tears slows down, which may lead to dry eyes due to hormonal changes, especially in women during pregnancy and menopause. Contact lenses and certain medications can also cause dry eyes.
Beware of hair dryers
The Ministry of Health clarified that tears consist of three main layers: oil, water, and mucus. The outer oily layer makes the tear surface in the eye smooth and prevents tears from drying out too quickly, while the middle watery layer constitutes most of what we see in tears and is responsible for cleaning and moistening the eye, protecting the cornea. The third layer, the inner mucous layer, covers the white part of the eye and inside the eyelids, and is responsible for spreading the watery layer over the surface of the eye to keep it moist.
The ministry indicated that dry eyes are common and chronic, caused by certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and 'Sjögren's syndrome,' prolonged reading of computer screens, or reading for long periods, not engaging in activities that reduce blinking, using contact lenses for extended periods, undergoing refractive eye surgery, and taking certain medications like diuretics, heart medications, or high blood pressure medications, and antacids. The ministry stated, 'Prevention involves avoiding the use of hair dryers if possible, protecting the eyes from dry winds by wearing special glasses, using tear ointment or thick eye drops before going to bed, blinking regularly when reading or looking at computer screens for long periods, drinking plenty of water daily, and getting enough sleep.'"