اللّعان لغةً: هو التَّلاعن، وشرعاً: يمين شرعي مُغلّظ يُجرى بين الزوجين عندما يتهم الزوج زوجته بالزنا أو ينفي نسب ولد منها دون أن يملك بيّنة، فيؤدي أربع شهادات بالله إنه من الصادقين، وترد الزوجة أربع شهادات بالله إنه من الكاذبين، ويُختم بالعنة أو الغضب.
«اللّعان» من الأحكام الشرعية الدقيقة التي نظمها الإسلام، وحرص على ما لها من صلة مباشرة بالنسب، وصيانة الأعراض واستقرار العلاقة الزوجية. وقد وردت مشروعيته في قوله تعالى: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنفُسُهُمْ﴾، كما في قصة هلال بن أمية حين فرق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بينه وبين زوجته بعد اللعان بينهما.
وقد أدرج «اللّعان» ضمن قوانين الأحوال الشخصية كوسيلة لحسم قضايا النسب، ويُعد أحد أنواع الفرقة، حيث يترتب عليه التفريق بين الزوجين، ويُنفّذ القضاء إجراءاته بعد أداء «الأيمان»، ثم إصدار الحكم بالتفريق وتوثيقه. ويتأكد القاضي من تحقق الشروط ومطابقة الوقائع لأحكام الشريعة.
ويترتب على «اللّعان» التفريق الأبدي بين الزوجين، ولا يجوز لهما العودة بعقد جديد، كما يترتب عليه نفي نسب الولد إن وُجد. وإذا كان حمل الزوجة منفيّاً، سقط حد القذف لوجود اللّعان.
ويُشترط أن يكون اللّعان حقاً خاصاً بالزوج، أما الزوجة فليس لها أن تُلاعن زوجها، بل لها طلب الفسخ أو الخلع فقط.
ورغم وضوح هذه الأحكام؛ إلا أن التطبيق العملي قد يخلُق إشكالات، مثل امتناع أحد الطرفين عن أداء اليمين، أو نقص النصوص التفصيلية، مما يستدعي تطوير قوانين الأحوال الشخصية بما يوازن بين الثوابت الشرعية ومتطلبات العدالة المعاصرة.
«اللِّعان»بين النظرية الفقهية والتطبيق القضائي
10 يوليو 2025 - 02:15
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آخر تحديث 10 يوليو 2025 - 02:15
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
حصة ثامر العامر
خريجة كلية الحقوق
جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز
hessah.alamer2002@gmail.com
The term "Lian" linguistically refers to mutual cursing, and in legal terms, it is a solemn legal oath conducted between spouses when a husband accuses his wife of adultery or denies the paternity of a child from her without having evidence. The husband must give four testimonies by God that he is telling the truth, while the wife responds with four testimonies by God that he is lying, and it concludes with a curse or anger.
“Lian” is one of the precise legal rulings organized by Islam, emphasizing its direct connection to lineage, the protection of honor, and the stability of the marital relationship. Its legitimacy is mentioned in the Almighty's words: ﴿And those who accuse their wives and have no witnesses except themselves﴾, as in the story of Hilal bin Umayyah when the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, separated him from his wife after the lian between them.
Lian has been included in personal status laws as a means to resolve issues of lineage, and it is considered one type of separation, as it results in the separation of the spouses. The judiciary carries out its procedures after the oaths are taken, then issues the ruling of separation and documents it. The judge ensures that the conditions are met and that the facts align with the rulings of Sharia.
The consequence of lian is the permanent separation between the spouses, and they are not allowed to return with a new contract. It also results in the denial of the child's lineage if one exists. If the wife's pregnancy is denied, the punishment for slander is waived due to the presence of lian.
It is required that lian be a right specific to the husband; the wife cannot lian her husband but can only request annulment or khula.
Despite the clarity of these rulings, practical application may create issues, such as one party refusing to take the oath or a lack of detailed texts, which necessitates the development of personal status laws to balance between Sharia constants and contemporary justice requirements.
“Lian” is one of the precise legal rulings organized by Islam, emphasizing its direct connection to lineage, the protection of honor, and the stability of the marital relationship. Its legitimacy is mentioned in the Almighty's words: ﴿And those who accuse their wives and have no witnesses except themselves﴾, as in the story of Hilal bin Umayyah when the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, separated him from his wife after the lian between them.
Lian has been included in personal status laws as a means to resolve issues of lineage, and it is considered one type of separation, as it results in the separation of the spouses. The judiciary carries out its procedures after the oaths are taken, then issues the ruling of separation and documents it. The judge ensures that the conditions are met and that the facts align with the rulings of Sharia.
The consequence of lian is the permanent separation between the spouses, and they are not allowed to return with a new contract. It also results in the denial of the child's lineage if one exists. If the wife's pregnancy is denied, the punishment for slander is waived due to the presence of lian.
It is required that lian be a right specific to the husband; the wife cannot lian her husband but can only request annulment or khula.
Despite the clarity of these rulings, practical application may create issues, such as one party refusing to take the oath or a lack of detailed texts, which necessitates the development of personal status laws to balance between Sharia constants and contemporary justice requirements.


