المباحثات المنعقدة بين إسرائيل وحماس في شرم الشيخ اليوم 2025م، تشبه لحدٍّ كبير، مباحثات السلام التي عقدت عام 2000م في كامب ديفيد بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. 25 عاماً تلخّص بدقة قصة الصراع المرير بين إسرائيل والفصائل الفلسطينية، التحديات نفسها، العقليات نفسها، وربما تؤول إلى النتائج نفسها.
كما أنها تشرح أيضاً كيف انتقل «السلاح»، الذي ظنت الفصائل يوماً ما أنه سيحميها، إلى «القلم» الذي ظنت -أيضاً- أنه سيحقق حلمها بدولة، وموقّعة به اتفاقات سرعان ما تنهار، معيدة الجميع حجراً وبشراً إلى الخوض في الدماء والآلام، فلا السلاح فاد، ولا القلم جاء بنتيجة، فهل هي العقلية التي تديرهما؟ ربما تكون الإجابة عن السؤال هي المفتاح السحري الذي يبحث عنه الجميع.
إنها حكاية انتقال السلاح والقلم من كتف وأيدي «فتح» وشقيقاتها التنظيمات الليبرالية، إلى «حماس» وشقيقاتها الإسلاموية، لكن إسرائيل ستبقى هي إسرائيل لم ولن تتغير، من أيهود باراك إلى شارون مروراً بأولمرت وانتهاءً بنتن ياهو، بل قبل ذلك من غولدا مائير وبقية القادة الإسرائيليين.
كانت المفاوضات بين رئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي أيهود باراك، ورئيس السلطة الفلسطينية ياسر عرفات عام 2000م، في كامب ديفيد بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، بحضور كلينتون وبندر بن سلطان، صعبة وقاسية بسبب فقدان الثقة بين طرفين بينهما بحار من الدماء، لقد تعرّضت محاولة ترميم السلام إلى فشل متتالٍ انهار في نهاية المطاف بشكل دموي إثر عمليات قتالية متعددة بين الطرفين، خاصة تفجير الحافلات والمقاهي في الداخل الإسرائيلي، التي قامت بها تنظيمات فلسطينية، والرد الإسرائيلي مفرط القوة عليها، وهو ما أدّى إلى انهيار اتفاقات أوسلو 1993م، التي عقدت بين الطرفين.
جاءت مباحثات كام ديفيد جزءاً من سلسلة جولات عديدة رعاها الرئيس الأمريكي بيل كلينتون، والأمير بندر بن سلطان ممثل المملكة العربية السعودية، وهدفت للتوصل إلى اتفاق شامل بين الطرفين يعطي الفلسطينيين دولة ذات سيادة بمطار وحدود معترف بها، وهي الجهود نفسها التي تبذلها المملكة حالياً بالشراكة مع دولة فرنسا بدعم من ولي العهد السعودي الأمير محمد بن سلمان.
جولة مفاوضات «باراك - عرفات» انتهت دون التوصل إلى اتفاق، بسبب تدخل أطراف شرق أوسطية أقنعت ياسر عرفات بتأجيل الاتفاق مع أيهود باراك المنتهية ولايته، والتفاوض بدلاً من ذلك مع رئيس الوزراء المنتخب أيرييل شارون، لكن شارون جاء بأجندة مختلفة خدع بها عرفات وقوّض المشروع منهياً أهم فرصة في التاريخ الفلسطيني، وحاصر عرفات في مقر إقامته برام الله، إلى أن قضى نحبه في نهاية الأمر.
يا لها من 25 عاماً، تغيّرت فيها الوقائع ومراكز القوى على الأرض، وتقوّضت فيها السلطة الفلسطينية المدنية لصالح الفصائل العابرة ذات الأجندات المتنوعة والمختلفة؛ ولذلك فإن توقع نجاح مباحثات «شرم الشيخ» محدود ومشروط، فإسرائيل غالباً ما تطمح إلى تهدئة محدودة أو تسويات أمنية مع ضمانات صارمة، وليس حلاً شاملاً لمسألة غزة أو الاعتراف الكامل بحماس، التي تسعى إلى رفع مكانتها الدولية، وتحقيق مكاسب سياسية لعلها تزيح السلطة وتصبح هي الممثل الوحيد للقضية العالقة منذ أكثر من مئة عام.
كما أن العودة لجولات المفاوضات المباشرة الماضية بين حماس وإسرائيل، تظهر غالباً أنها تنتهي بتهدئة مؤقتة أو اتفاقيات قصيرة الأمد (مثل تهدئة 2014 أو 2021)، وليس حلولاً دائمة؛ ولذلك فإن المتوقع الأكثر واقعية هو اتفاق مؤقت أو تهدئة قصيرة الأمد، وليس اتفاقاً دائماً لحل النزاع الفلسطيني-الإسرائيلي، وكأن كامب ديفيد 2000م، تتكرر مرة أخرى.
محمد الساعد
من أيهود باراك وعرفات.. إلى نتنياهو والحيّة!
9 أكتوبر 2025 - 00:12
|
آخر تحديث 9 أكتوبر 2025 - 00:12
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The discussions held between Israel and Hamas in Sharm El-Sheikh today, 2025, are very similar to the peace talks that took place in 2000 at Camp David in the United States. Twenty-five years accurately summarize the story of the bitter conflict between Israel and the Palestinian factions, the same challenges, the same mindsets, and perhaps leading to the same outcomes.
It also explains how the "weapon," which the factions once thought would protect them, has turned into the "pen," which they also believed would realize their dream of a state, signing agreements that quickly collapse, bringing everyone—both stone and human—back to blood and pain. Neither the weapon proved effective, nor did the pen yield results. Is it the mentality that manages them? Perhaps the answer to this question is the magic key that everyone is searching for.
It is a tale of the transfer of the weapon and the pen from the shoulders and hands of "Fatah" and its liberal sister organizations to "Hamas" and its Islamist counterparts. However, Israel will remain Israel, unchanged, from Ehud Barak to Sharon, passing through Olmert and ending with Netanyahu, and even before that, from Golda Meir and other Israeli leaders.
The negotiations between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat in 2000 at Camp David in the United States, attended by Clinton and Bandar bin Sultan, were difficult and harsh due to the loss of trust between two parties separated by seas of blood. The attempt to restore peace faced consecutive failures that ultimately collapsed bloodily due to multiple combat operations between the two sides, especially the bombing of buses and cafes inside Israel, carried out by Palestinian organizations, and the excessive Israeli response to them, which led to the collapse of the Oslo Accords of 1993, signed between the two parties.
The Camp David talks were part of a series of numerous rounds sponsored by U.S. President Bill Clinton and Prince Bandar bin Sultan, representative of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, aimed at reaching a comprehensive agreement between the two sides that would grant the Palestinians a sovereign state with an airport and recognized borders. These are the same efforts currently being made by the Kingdom in partnership with France, supported by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
The "Barak - Arafat" negotiation round ended without reaching an agreement due to the intervention of Middle Eastern parties that convinced Yasser Arafat to postpone the agreement with the outgoing Ehud Barak and instead negotiate with the elected Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. However, Sharon came with a different agenda that deceived Arafat and undermined the project, ending the most significant opportunity in Palestinian history, and besieged Arafat in his residence in Ramallah until he eventually passed away.
What a 25 years it has been, during which the realities and centers of power on the ground changed, and the Palestinian civil authority was undermined in favor of the transitory factions with diverse and differing agendas. Therefore, the expectation of success for the "Sharm El-Sheikh" discussions is limited and conditional; Israel often aspires to a limited calm or security arrangements with strict guarantees, rather than a comprehensive solution to the Gaza issue or full recognition of Hamas, which seeks to elevate its international status and achieve political gains that might displace the authority and become the sole representative of the issue that has been unresolved for over a hundred years.
Moreover, returning to past direct negotiation rounds between Hamas and Israel often shows that they end with a temporary calm or short-term agreements (like the ceasefires of 2014 or 2021), rather than permanent solutions. Therefore, the most realistic expectation is a temporary agreement or short-term calm, not a permanent agreement to resolve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, as if Camp David 2000 is repeating itself once again.
It also explains how the "weapon," which the factions once thought would protect them, has turned into the "pen," which they also believed would realize their dream of a state, signing agreements that quickly collapse, bringing everyone—both stone and human—back to blood and pain. Neither the weapon proved effective, nor did the pen yield results. Is it the mentality that manages them? Perhaps the answer to this question is the magic key that everyone is searching for.
It is a tale of the transfer of the weapon and the pen from the shoulders and hands of "Fatah" and its liberal sister organizations to "Hamas" and its Islamist counterparts. However, Israel will remain Israel, unchanged, from Ehud Barak to Sharon, passing through Olmert and ending with Netanyahu, and even before that, from Golda Meir and other Israeli leaders.
The negotiations between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat in 2000 at Camp David in the United States, attended by Clinton and Bandar bin Sultan, were difficult and harsh due to the loss of trust between two parties separated by seas of blood. The attempt to restore peace faced consecutive failures that ultimately collapsed bloodily due to multiple combat operations between the two sides, especially the bombing of buses and cafes inside Israel, carried out by Palestinian organizations, and the excessive Israeli response to them, which led to the collapse of the Oslo Accords of 1993, signed between the two parties.
The Camp David talks were part of a series of numerous rounds sponsored by U.S. President Bill Clinton and Prince Bandar bin Sultan, representative of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, aimed at reaching a comprehensive agreement between the two sides that would grant the Palestinians a sovereign state with an airport and recognized borders. These are the same efforts currently being made by the Kingdom in partnership with France, supported by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
The "Barak - Arafat" negotiation round ended without reaching an agreement due to the intervention of Middle Eastern parties that convinced Yasser Arafat to postpone the agreement with the outgoing Ehud Barak and instead negotiate with the elected Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. However, Sharon came with a different agenda that deceived Arafat and undermined the project, ending the most significant opportunity in Palestinian history, and besieged Arafat in his residence in Ramallah until he eventually passed away.
What a 25 years it has been, during which the realities and centers of power on the ground changed, and the Palestinian civil authority was undermined in favor of the transitory factions with diverse and differing agendas. Therefore, the expectation of success for the "Sharm El-Sheikh" discussions is limited and conditional; Israel often aspires to a limited calm or security arrangements with strict guarantees, rather than a comprehensive solution to the Gaza issue or full recognition of Hamas, which seeks to elevate its international status and achieve political gains that might displace the authority and become the sole representative of the issue that has been unresolved for over a hundred years.
Moreover, returning to past direct negotiation rounds between Hamas and Israel often shows that they end with a temporary calm or short-term agreements (like the ceasefires of 2014 or 2021), rather than permanent solutions. Therefore, the most realistic expectation is a temporary agreement or short-term calm, not a permanent agreement to resolve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, as if Camp David 2000 is repeating itself once again.


