واحد من أكثر الخلافات العربية مرارة كان بين سورية والعراق البعثيتين؛ بالرغم من أن النظامين اتبعا عقيدة البعث السياسية، وقاما على الدعوة لشعارات «أمة عربية واحدة من بغداد إلى تطوان»، حتى راجت عنهما هذه المقولة: «آمنت بالبعث .... لا شريك له وبالعروبة ديناً ما له ثان»، تطرّف قومي عربي في أقصى درجاته، إلا أن كل ما أطلقاه من شعارات رومانسية سقط في أول اختبار بين توأمين خرجا من رحم البعث، إذ لم تتجاوز تلك الشعارات الرنانة إذاعتي بغداد ودمشق، وبقي النظامان يكيدان ويحيكان المؤامرات لبعضهما لأكثر من ثلاثين سنة.
لقد زايد على فكرة «القومية العربية» الكثير من المتكسّبين، واستخدمت مبرراً للاتهامات والتدخلات في الشؤون الداخلية العربية، بل وصل الأمر إلى التدخل العسكري في بعض الأحيان، كل ذلك تحت مبرر الوصول إلى وحدة عربية لم يكن بالإمكان تحقيقها تحت المزايدات والتنمر والاستعلاء.
سقطت الوحدة العربية في تجارب عديدة قاسية، نذكر منها سورية ومصر 1961-1958، واليمنين الجنوبي والشمالي 1990، والتي عاشت بسببها حرباً أهلية 1994، وكذلك الوحدة بين تونس وليبيا تحت مسمى الجمهورية العربية الإسلامية العام 1974. كلها مشاريع وحدوية لم تنجح، ومع ذلك بقيت القومية عصا يستخدمها كل من يدخل في انسداد اقتصادي أو سياسي، رافعاً قضية فلسطين ومستخدماً القومية العربية.
الكثير ينسى تحت طغيان الآلة الإعلامية لمحدثي نعمة العروبة، أن فكرة القومية العربية قديمة قدم الدولة العربية، وهي ليست وليدة صحيفة تشرين، ولا تلفزيون بغداد، ولا إذاعة صوت العرب، ولا كتاب القذافي الأخضر، ولم يخترعها ميشيل عفلق، ولا جورج حبش، ولا أبو نضال، ولا كل الذين استغلوا هذه الفكرة لصالح أجنداتهم.
بل انطلقت على أيدي فرسان الجزيرة العربية من بني أمية الذين أسّسوا أول قومية عربية خالصة، حكمت نصف العالم لقرن تقريباً وبقيت تعيش على ذلك الإرث لقرنين آخرين تحت لواء الخلافة العباسية، ومع تآكل فكرة الدولة العربية على أيدي الشعوبيين الذين تسللوا إلى داخل بنية الدولة العربية، تراجع الحكم العربي، وانتهى تماماً في بغداد ودمشق والأندلس، وأصبح يحكم كثيراً من بلاد العرب «السلاجقة والأيوبيون والمماليك»، مع التذكير أن معظم الجزيرة العربية بقيت في منأى عن حكم الأقليات غير العربية لها، وكأن الله قدّر لها أن تبقى الحصن الأخير للإنسان العربي ولغته وثقافته إلى اليوم.
من الضروري التذكير أن انبعاث حركات القومية العربية الحديثة نشأ بداية القرن العشرين وحتى قبل الدعوة لها من الجمهوريات ومثقفيها وإعلامها، وساهمت تلك الحركات في إعادة إحياء القومية العربية وبعثها من جديد، وكان على رأس المساهمين «الجمعية القحطانية» التي تأسّست كمنظمة سياسية عربية سرية في إسطنبول عام 1909، بسبب صعود القوميين الأتراك، وهدفت الجمعية إلى تعزيز الفكرة العربية وتأمين استقلال ذاتي للولايات العربية داخل الدولة العثمانية.
ثم تبعها ظهور جمعيات عربية أخرى تناصر نفس الفكرة، ومناهضة للقومية التركية ومدافعة عن حق العرب في لغتهم وثقافتهم وحكم بلادهم، وكانت جمعية «العربية الفتاة» من أبرزها؛ التي تأسّست في باريس عام 1911، بهدف الدفاع عن حقوق العرب ورفع مستواهم الثقافي والاجتماعي والسياسي، ومواجهة سياسات التتريك التي طبّقتها بعنف جمعية الاتحاد والترقي الحاكمة في آخر عمر الدولة العثمانية، كل ذلك كان في وقت مبكر من التاريخ السياسي العربي الحديث.
الآن يبدو أن الأمر مختلف جداً، فبعض مدعي العروبة أضحوا أكثر ميلاً نحو الدولة القُطْريّة وأكثر انعزالاً، مبتعدين عن عالم عربي لطالما ملؤه ضجيجاً تحت مسميات وقضايا عدة، لكن وبعد أن كسدت تلك البضاعة، أصبح التخلي عنها شعاراً جديداً لبعض مثقفين ومتنمرين لطالما صدّعوا رؤوس باقي العرب بتفوّقهم الثقافي، تفوق مشكوك فيه، فما زال يقتات من لسان وحرف اللغة العربية وإرثها المنقول من الجزيرة العربية، فهل التخلي عن العروبة يعني التخلي عن الحرف العربي، واللسان العربي، لننتظر ونرى.. فالتخلي الحقيقي لا ينفصل عن ذلك أبداً.
يبدو اليوم أن العروبة كفكرة رومانسية جذابة تبناها مثقفون وسياسيون منذ العام 1900، وحتى غدا السابع من أكتوبر، ترفاً لا لزوم له مع تغيّر المصالح، وستكون هي الأخرى إحدى ضحايا السابع من أكتوبر، الذي تحوّل إلى كرة نار يصعب إيقاف تأثيراتها، لكنها بلا شك غيّرت وجه العالم، وكشفت عن أن القومية العربية كانت مجرد شعارات للتكسّب وعندما انتهى وقتها بدأ الانتقال نحو شعارات أخرى.
محمد الساعد
انهيار الوهم القومي: دروس من تجربة العروبة..!
28 يوليو 2025 - 00:05
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آخر تحديث 28 يوليو 2025 - 00:05
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
One of the most bitter Arab disputes was between the Ba'athist regimes of Syria and Iraq; despite both systems adhering to the political doctrine of Ba'athism and promoting slogans like "One Arab Nation from Baghdad to Tetouan," they became known for the saying: "I believe in Ba'ath... with no partner, and in Arabism as a religion with no second." This represented an extreme form of Arab nationalism, yet all the romantic slogans they launched fell flat at the first test between two twins born from the womb of Ba'athism, as those resonant slogans did not extend beyond the broadcasts of Baghdad and Damascus, while the two regimes plotted against each other for more than thirty years.
Many opportunists exploited the idea of "Arab nationalism," using it as a justification for accusations and interventions in Arab internal affairs, even leading to military interventions at times, all under the pretext of achieving Arab unity that could not be realized through opportunism, bullying, and arrogance.
Arab unity has failed in many harsh experiments, including the union of Syria and Egypt from 1958 to 1961, and the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990, which led to a civil war in 1994, as well as the union between Tunisia and Libya under the name of the Arab Islamic Republic in 1974. All these unification projects did not succeed, yet nationalism remained a stick used by anyone facing economic or political deadlock, raising the Palestinian cause and invoking Arab nationalism.
Many forget, under the dominance of the media machine of the newly affluent Arab nationalists, that the idea of Arab nationalism is as old as the Arab state itself. It did not originate from the newspaper Tishreen, nor from Baghdad TV, nor from the Voice of the Arabs radio station, nor from Gaddafi's Green Book, and it was not invented by Michel Aflaq, George Habash, Abu Nidal, or any of those who exploited this idea for their agendas.
Rather, it was initiated by the knights of the Arabian Peninsula from the Umayyads, who established the first pure Arab nationalism, ruling half the world for almost a century and continuing to live on that legacy for two more centuries under the banner of the Abbasid Caliphate. With the erosion of the idea of the Arab state at the hands of the chauvinists who infiltrated the structure of the Arab state, Arab rule declined and eventually disappeared completely in Baghdad, Damascus, and Andalusia, and many Arab lands came to be ruled by "the Seljuks, the Ayyubids, and the Mamluks," while most of the Arabian Peninsula remained insulated from the rule of non-Arab minorities, as if God had destined it to remain the last bastion for the Arab person, their language, and culture to this day.
It is important to remember that the revival of modern Arab nationalist movements began in the early twentieth century, even before the call for it from the republics and their intellectuals and media. These movements contributed to the revival of Arab nationalism and its reawakening, with the "Qahṭānī Society" being one of the main contributors, established as a secret Arab political organization in Istanbul in 1909 due to the rise of Turkish nationalists. The society aimed to promote the Arab idea and secure self-determination for the Arab provinces within the Ottoman Empire.
This was followed by the emergence of other Arab associations supporting the same idea, opposing Turkish nationalism and defending the rights of Arabs in their language, culture, and governance of their lands. The "Young Arab Society," founded in Paris in 1911, was one of the most prominent, aiming to defend Arab rights and elevate their cultural, social, and political status, confronting the Turkification policies that were violently implemented by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress in the late Ottoman period, all of which occurred early in the history of modern Arab politics.
Now it seems that the situation is very different, as some claimants of Arabism have become more inclined towards state nationalism and more isolated, distancing themselves from an Arab world that has long been filled with noise under various names and issues. However, after that merchandise has become stagnant, abandoning it has become a new slogan for some intellectuals and bullies who have long troubled the heads of other Arabs with their cultural superiority, a superiority that is questionable, as it still feeds off the tongue and script of the Arabic language and its heritage passed down from the Arabian Peninsula. So does abandoning Arabism mean abandoning the Arabic script and language? We shall wait and see... for true abandonment is never separate from that.
Today, it seems that Arabism, as an attractive romantic idea adopted by intellectuals and politicians since 1900, has become an unnecessary luxury with changing interests, and it too will be one of the victims of October 7, which has turned into a fireball whose effects are difficult to stop. Yet it has undoubtedly changed the face of the world and revealed that Arab nationalism was merely a slogan for opportunism, and when its time ended, the transition to other slogans began.
Many opportunists exploited the idea of "Arab nationalism," using it as a justification for accusations and interventions in Arab internal affairs, even leading to military interventions at times, all under the pretext of achieving Arab unity that could not be realized through opportunism, bullying, and arrogance.
Arab unity has failed in many harsh experiments, including the union of Syria and Egypt from 1958 to 1961, and the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990, which led to a civil war in 1994, as well as the union between Tunisia and Libya under the name of the Arab Islamic Republic in 1974. All these unification projects did not succeed, yet nationalism remained a stick used by anyone facing economic or political deadlock, raising the Palestinian cause and invoking Arab nationalism.
Many forget, under the dominance of the media machine of the newly affluent Arab nationalists, that the idea of Arab nationalism is as old as the Arab state itself. It did not originate from the newspaper Tishreen, nor from Baghdad TV, nor from the Voice of the Arabs radio station, nor from Gaddafi's Green Book, and it was not invented by Michel Aflaq, George Habash, Abu Nidal, or any of those who exploited this idea for their agendas.
Rather, it was initiated by the knights of the Arabian Peninsula from the Umayyads, who established the first pure Arab nationalism, ruling half the world for almost a century and continuing to live on that legacy for two more centuries under the banner of the Abbasid Caliphate. With the erosion of the idea of the Arab state at the hands of the chauvinists who infiltrated the structure of the Arab state, Arab rule declined and eventually disappeared completely in Baghdad, Damascus, and Andalusia, and many Arab lands came to be ruled by "the Seljuks, the Ayyubids, and the Mamluks," while most of the Arabian Peninsula remained insulated from the rule of non-Arab minorities, as if God had destined it to remain the last bastion for the Arab person, their language, and culture to this day.
It is important to remember that the revival of modern Arab nationalist movements began in the early twentieth century, even before the call for it from the republics and their intellectuals and media. These movements contributed to the revival of Arab nationalism and its reawakening, with the "Qahṭānī Society" being one of the main contributors, established as a secret Arab political organization in Istanbul in 1909 due to the rise of Turkish nationalists. The society aimed to promote the Arab idea and secure self-determination for the Arab provinces within the Ottoman Empire.
This was followed by the emergence of other Arab associations supporting the same idea, opposing Turkish nationalism and defending the rights of Arabs in their language, culture, and governance of their lands. The "Young Arab Society," founded in Paris in 1911, was one of the most prominent, aiming to defend Arab rights and elevate their cultural, social, and political status, confronting the Turkification policies that were violently implemented by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress in the late Ottoman period, all of which occurred early in the history of modern Arab politics.
Now it seems that the situation is very different, as some claimants of Arabism have become more inclined towards state nationalism and more isolated, distancing themselves from an Arab world that has long been filled with noise under various names and issues. However, after that merchandise has become stagnant, abandoning it has become a new slogan for some intellectuals and bullies who have long troubled the heads of other Arabs with their cultural superiority, a superiority that is questionable, as it still feeds off the tongue and script of the Arabic language and its heritage passed down from the Arabian Peninsula. So does abandoning Arabism mean abandoning the Arabic script and language? We shall wait and see... for true abandonment is never separate from that.
Today, it seems that Arabism, as an attractive romantic idea adopted by intellectuals and politicians since 1900, has become an unnecessary luxury with changing interests, and it too will be one of the victims of October 7, which has turned into a fireball whose effects are difficult to stop. Yet it has undoubtedly changed the face of the world and revealed that Arab nationalism was merely a slogan for opportunism, and when its time ended, the transition to other slogans began.


