تنقسم دول العالم إلى ثلاثة أقسام من حيث الاعتراف بها كدول، حيث تعترف الأمم المتحدة بـ193 دولة، كما أن هناك حوالى عشر دول ذات اعتراف محدود مثل كوسوفو وتايوان وغيرها، وهناك دولتان فقط بعضوية غير كاملة «صفة مراقب» وهما الفاتيكان أو (الكرسي الرسولي) وفلسطين.
وقد منحت منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية صفة مراقب منذ العام 1974، وصولاً لمنح دولة فلسطين العضوية نفسها في نوفمبر من العام 2012، وذلك رداً على تعثّر عملية السلام وللإسهام في دعم الشعب الفلسطيني لتحقيق مصيره، وصوت حينها أكثر من 70% من الدول مع القرار.
لكن كانت دائماً الدول الداعمة للحق الفلسطيني هي الدول العربية والإسلامية بطبيعة الحال، وبدعم من آسيا وأفريقيا وأمريكيا اللاتينية، دون اعتراف أوروبي وغربي تحديداً وذلك لعيون إسرائيل.
لكن العقد الماضي شهد زيادة مضطردة في اعتراف الأوروبيين بفلسطين، حيث كانت السويد أول دولة منضوية تحت الاتحاد الأوروبي تعترف بفلسطين في 2014، وسبقتها دول أوروبية لم تنظم للاتحاد حينها مثل التشيك والمجر وبولندا وبلغاريا، لكن الحرب الأخيرة التي اشتعلت في السابع من أكتوبر 2023، دفعت المزيد من الأوروبيين للاعتقاد بأن حل الدولتين هو الحل الوحيد لوقف نزيف هذا الصراع.
وبالتالي قامت إسبانيا وإيرلندا والنرويج بالاعتراف بدولة فلسطين العام الماضي، مما مثّل إيذاناً ببدء دخول أوروبا الغربية في طابور المعترفين بحقوق الفلسطينيين بدولة وإن كان الجميع لا يتطرق إلى حدود تلك الدولة.
ولا شك أن تزايد أعداد الدول التي تعترف بفلسطين مثّل ضغطاً سياسياً متزايداً على إسرائيل، كما أن اعتراف الأمم المتحدة سمح لفلسطين بالانضمام للمحكمة الدولية في 2015 مما منحهم فرصة فتح تحقيقات بالمجازر الإسرائيلية.
أدوات إسرائيل كانت محدودة في تصديها للضغط السياسي من جرّاء الاعتراف بفلسطين عبر بيانات شجب أو تضييق مادي على الفلسطينيين، بالإضافة لممارسة بعض الضغوط لمنع دول من الاعتراف بفلسطين، لكن هدفها الإستراتيجي كان مسار قضم الأرض وتغيير واقع الأرض.
حيث كان المقترح دولة على مساحة 22% من مساحة فلسطين التاريخية، وذلك في خطاب أريحا 1965، واليوم لم يتبقَ من المساحة تلك إلا نصفها وبشكل مقسم يسهم التوسع الاستيطاني ونقاط التفتيش في جعله يبدو على الخريطة جزراً متفرقة.
لكن قضم الأرض دون تهجير الفلسطينيين بلا عودة يغّير الجغرافيا لا الديموغرافيا، ويجعل تحول اليهود إلى أقلية في دولتهم مسألة وقت حيث لا يتكاثرون بكثافة العرب، وهذا الأمر هو ما سعى لحله رابين في اتفاق أوسلو 1993، فصحيح أنه أراد أن يُذكر في التاريخ بأنه رجل سلام، لكنه أيضاً نظر لحل الدولتين على أنه السبيل لدولة يهودية تتفادى أي تحدٍ ديموغرافي مستقبلي.
وهذا ما يجعل نتنياهو يوغل في استغلال هدية السنوار لكي يوصل الفلسطينيين لأمر من أمرين؛ إما الموت جوعاً في فلسطين، أو الموت بعد الرحيل عنها دون رؤية شجر زيتونها مجدداً، وبالتالي قتل مشروع الدولة الفلسطينية كسبيل نحو هوية يهودية للدولة لا تثريب عليها ديموغرافيا في المستقبل.
لكن صبر الغرب قبل غيره بدأ ينفد من سياسات نتنياهو، خاصة التجويع وقتل الأطفال الباحثين عن الحد الأدنى للزاد في غزة، ولم يعد يحتمل أي زعيم غربي ضغط الصور التي تبثها الشاشات، ويأتي اليوم تحرك مهم من فرنسا، حيث أعلن ماكرون الاعتراف بدولة فلسطين في الجمعية العمومية سبتمبر المقبل.
كما دعا أكثر من ثلث نواب مجلس العموم البريطاني رئيس الوزراء كير ستارمر للاعتراف بدولة فلسطين، وهو ما يبدو أنه أمر سيقوم به وما إرجاؤه إلا تجنباً لغضبة من الرئيس ترمب الذي ينوي زيارة المملكة المتحدة سبتمبر المقبل.
وعليه يدرك الفلسطينيون كما لا يدرك غيرهم، أن الإسرائيليين ومنذ إنشاء الحركة الصهيونية في القرن التاسع عشر، يعيشون صراعاً حول التاريخ والهوية، ويروجون لسردية تسعى لإلغاء التاريخ الفلسطيني تماماً.
لكن كل هذه الضغوط السياسية المتزايدة على إسرائيل، تمنح الفلسطينيين الفرصة الأخيرة ليبينوا للعالم أنهم موحدون نحو دولة جامعة لكل الفلسطينيين، ولا تمثل تهديداً لإسرائيل كذلك، وتجنباً لسيناريو قد يمثل الحلقة الأخيرة في مسلسل سنوات الفرص الضائعة.
عبدالرحمن الطريري
إسرائيل وصراع الهوية بين مسارين
28 يوليو 2025 - 00:05
|
آخر تحديث 28 يوليو 2025 - 00:05
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The countries of the world are divided into three categories in terms of recognition as states, with the United Nations recognizing 193 countries. Additionally, there are about ten countries with limited recognition, such as Kosovo and Taiwan, among others. There are only two countries with non-full membership, holding "observer status," which are the Vatican (or the Holy See) and Palestine.
The Palestine Liberation Organization was granted observer status in 1974, leading to Palestine being granted membership itself in November 2012, in response to the stalled peace process and to contribute to supporting the Palestinian people in achieving their destiny. At that time, more than 70% of countries voted in favor of the resolution.
However, the countries that have always supported Palestinian rights are naturally the Arab and Islamic countries, with support from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, without specific European and Western recognition, particularly for the sake of Israel.
However, the past decade has seen a steady increase in European recognition of Palestine, with Sweden being the first EU member state to recognize Palestine in 2014. It was preceded by European countries that were not part of the EU at that time, such as the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Bulgaria. Yet, the recent war that erupted on October 7, 2023, has led more Europeans to believe that the two-state solution is the only way to stop the bleeding of this conflict.
Consequently, Spain, Ireland, and Norway recognized the State of Palestine last year, marking the beginning of Western Europe joining the ranks of those recognizing Palestinian rights to statehood, even if no one addresses the borders of that state.
There is no doubt that the increasing number of countries recognizing Palestine has exerted growing political pressure on Israel. Additionally, UN recognition allowed Palestine to join the International Criminal Court in 2015, giving them the opportunity to open investigations into Israeli massacres.
Israel's tools were limited in countering the political pressure resulting from the recognition of Palestine through statements of condemnation or material restrictions on Palestinians, in addition to exerting some pressure to prevent countries from recognizing Palestine. However, its strategic goal has been the process of land annexation and changing the reality on the ground.
The proposal was for a state on 22% of the area of historic Palestine, as stated in the Jericho speech of 1965. Today, only half of that area remains, and it is divided in a way that makes it appear on the map as scattered islands due to settlement expansion and checkpoints.
However, annexing land without displacing Palestinians without return changes geography, not demographics, and makes the transformation of Jews into a minority in their state a matter of time, as they do not reproduce as densely as Arabs. This is what Rabin sought to address in the Oslo Agreement of 1993. While it is true that he wanted to be remembered in history as a man of peace, he also viewed the two-state solution as a way to establish a Jewish state that avoids any future demographic challenge.
This is what makes Netanyahu exploit the gift of the Hamas leader to bring Palestinians to one of two situations: either starving to death in Palestine or dying after leaving it without seeing their olive trees again, thus killing the Palestinian state project as a pathway to a Jewish identity for the state that faces no demographic reproach in the future.
However, the patience of the West, above all, is beginning to run out with Netanyahu's policies, especially the starvation and killing of children seeking the bare minimum of sustenance in Gaza. No Western leader can bear the pressure of the images broadcast on screens anymore. Today, a significant move comes from France, where Macron announced the recognition of the State of Palestine at the upcoming General Assembly in September.
Moreover, more than a third of the British House of Commons MPs have called on Prime Minister Keir Starmer to recognize the State of Palestine, which seems to be something he will do, with the delay being merely to avoid angering President Trump, who intends to visit the United Kingdom next September.
Thus, Palestinians understand, as no one else does, that Israelis, since the establishment of the Zionist movement in the 19th century, have been living a struggle over history and identity, promoting a narrative that seeks to completely erase Palestinian history.
However, all this increasing political pressure on Israel gives Palestinians a final opportunity to show the world that they are united towards a state that encompasses all Palestinians and does not represent a threat to Israel either, thus avoiding a scenario that could represent the final chapter in the saga of lost opportunities.
The Palestine Liberation Organization was granted observer status in 1974, leading to Palestine being granted membership itself in November 2012, in response to the stalled peace process and to contribute to supporting the Palestinian people in achieving their destiny. At that time, more than 70% of countries voted in favor of the resolution.
However, the countries that have always supported Palestinian rights are naturally the Arab and Islamic countries, with support from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, without specific European and Western recognition, particularly for the sake of Israel.
However, the past decade has seen a steady increase in European recognition of Palestine, with Sweden being the first EU member state to recognize Palestine in 2014. It was preceded by European countries that were not part of the EU at that time, such as the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Bulgaria. Yet, the recent war that erupted on October 7, 2023, has led more Europeans to believe that the two-state solution is the only way to stop the bleeding of this conflict.
Consequently, Spain, Ireland, and Norway recognized the State of Palestine last year, marking the beginning of Western Europe joining the ranks of those recognizing Palestinian rights to statehood, even if no one addresses the borders of that state.
There is no doubt that the increasing number of countries recognizing Palestine has exerted growing political pressure on Israel. Additionally, UN recognition allowed Palestine to join the International Criminal Court in 2015, giving them the opportunity to open investigations into Israeli massacres.
Israel's tools were limited in countering the political pressure resulting from the recognition of Palestine through statements of condemnation or material restrictions on Palestinians, in addition to exerting some pressure to prevent countries from recognizing Palestine. However, its strategic goal has been the process of land annexation and changing the reality on the ground.
The proposal was for a state on 22% of the area of historic Palestine, as stated in the Jericho speech of 1965. Today, only half of that area remains, and it is divided in a way that makes it appear on the map as scattered islands due to settlement expansion and checkpoints.
However, annexing land without displacing Palestinians without return changes geography, not demographics, and makes the transformation of Jews into a minority in their state a matter of time, as they do not reproduce as densely as Arabs. This is what Rabin sought to address in the Oslo Agreement of 1993. While it is true that he wanted to be remembered in history as a man of peace, he also viewed the two-state solution as a way to establish a Jewish state that avoids any future demographic challenge.
This is what makes Netanyahu exploit the gift of the Hamas leader to bring Palestinians to one of two situations: either starving to death in Palestine or dying after leaving it without seeing their olive trees again, thus killing the Palestinian state project as a pathway to a Jewish identity for the state that faces no demographic reproach in the future.
However, the patience of the West, above all, is beginning to run out with Netanyahu's policies, especially the starvation and killing of children seeking the bare minimum of sustenance in Gaza. No Western leader can bear the pressure of the images broadcast on screens anymore. Today, a significant move comes from France, where Macron announced the recognition of the State of Palestine at the upcoming General Assembly in September.
Moreover, more than a third of the British House of Commons MPs have called on Prime Minister Keir Starmer to recognize the State of Palestine, which seems to be something he will do, with the delay being merely to avoid angering President Trump, who intends to visit the United Kingdom next September.
Thus, Palestinians understand, as no one else does, that Israelis, since the establishment of the Zionist movement in the 19th century, have been living a struggle over history and identity, promoting a narrative that seeks to completely erase Palestinian history.
However, all this increasing political pressure on Israel gives Palestinians a final opportunity to show the world that they are united towards a state that encompasses all Palestinians and does not represent a threat to Israel either, thus avoiding a scenario that could represent the final chapter in the saga of lost opportunities.


