يصادف عيد الأضحى المبارك هذا العام 1446هـ يوم الجمعة العاشر من ذي الحجة، فعليه لا يصح إقامة صلاة الجمعة في المسجد الحرام في يوم العيد، فهي على خلاف الأصل في حق إقامتها لنهيه عليه الصلاة والسلام عن عيدين في يوم واحد.
ما زالت صورة الحرم المكي ماثلة أمامي في ما حدث في العام الهجري 1430 عندما صادف عيد الأضحى يوم الجمعة، فصلى الناس في الحرم المكي واقفين متلاحمة أجسادهم رجالاً ونساء في صحن الطواف لاستحالة ركوعهم وسجودهم من شدة الزحام في ذلك اليوم وحتى انتهاء الصلاة وخطر الموت محدق بهم.
فهل مثل هذا التلاحم -وزيادة الطين بِلة بإقامة الصلاة فيهم- من باب التيسير ورفع الحرج الذي يستشف إليه الشارع الحكيم في العبادات كلها ناهيك عن الحج وما فتئ الرسول (عليه الصلاة والسلام) في يومه يقول لكل من فعل كذا وكذا.. «افعل ولا حرج»؟
أليس هذا من باب التيسير ورفع الحرج عن المسلمين وفيه دلالة على نبذ التشدد والتزمت وعدم التهميش في العبادات وترك المقاصد الكبرى والأصول العظمى التي طفحت بها صفحات الوحيين، وفي مقدمتها حفظ النفس.
بل بعض من هذه التشددات هو على خلاف الأصل في الأحكام الفقهية، فالأصل في صلاة الجمعة إذا صادفت يوم عيد ألا يصليها الناس، وتحل محلها صلاة الظهر. قال عطاء بن أبي رباح فيما رواه أبو داود في السنن «صلى بنا ابن الزبير في مكة يوم عيد في يوم الجمعة أول النهار. ثم رحنا عند الظهيرة إلى صلاة الجمعة فلم يخرج إلينا فصلينا صلاة الظهر وحدانا. وكان ابن عباس في الطائف. فلما قدم ذكرنا له ذلك فقال: أصاب السنة». وعطاء هو أفقه الصحابة في أحكام المناسك. وابن العباس حبر الأمة وفقيهها. والحكم عندهم هو على ما حكم به الرسول بعدم صلاة الجمعة في يوم العيد.
فكيف تتم مخالفة سنة رسول الله بأداء صلاة الجمعة في يوم العيد وفي يوم يرى فيه الموت من شدة الزحام دون صلاة ناهيك عن الركوع والسجود؟!
كتلٌ متلاحمة يحدق بها الموت في صحن الطواف والرجال والنساء في تلاصق والإمام قائم يصلي بهم في المكبرية سالماً آمناً بعيداً عن أخطار ومشاق ما يعانيه المسلمون أمام عينيه.
الدولة حاولت بكل ما تستطيع أن تعمل على توسعة المكان لاستيعاب أكبر عدد ممكن من الحجاج، وننتظر تفعيل التوسعة الفقهية.
كان الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام لمجرد هطول شيء من الأمطار أو هبوب العواصف أو شدة البرد أو وجود الوحل في الطرقات يأمر بلال أن يقول في الأذان «صلوا في رحالكم» بدلاً من عبارة «حي على الصلاة».
وقد قصر وجمع عليه الصلاة والسلام أربع صلوات في المدينة من غير سفر ولا مرض ولا مطر ولا برد. وعندما سئل قال: «لكي لا تحرج أمتي»، وهل ثمة حرج هذه الأيام أكبر من مواجهة الموت في صحن الطواف؟!
فالواجب إزاء هذه التهلكة والعذاب عدم إقامة الصلوات المفروضة في المسجد الحرام في جماعة اعتباراً من فجر يوم العيد إلى فجر يوم الثالث عشر من ذي الحجة. والتوجه إلى مساجد مكة المكرمة وأرضها كلها حرم ومن الجائز إقامة الجمع والجماعات في هذه المساجد بدلاً من المسجد الحرام.
كان بعض اليفع والصغار قبل أعوام ينتشرون على جسر الجمرات يوم النفرة الأولى من منى وبأيديهم مكبرات الصوت يصرخون في الحجيج يحذرونهم من الرجم قبل الزوال ويتكدس الحجاج في وقت الظهيرة، ثم يتدافعون عند الزوال، ويبدأ الزحام والسقوط يقصف أرواح الأبرياء بسبب هذه الفتاوى المتشددة. ولما تكرر إزهاق ألوف الأرواح على جسر الجمرات قالوا بجواز الرجم قبل الزوال!
فهل سيتكرر هذا المشهد في الحرم المكي وتحدث كارثة لا سمح الله وسط هذا الزحام والتكدس،
وعندها يتم ترك صلاة الجماعة في المسجد الحرام خلال هذه الأيام؟!
من الواجب أيضاً في حق مؤسسات الطوافة التنبيه على حجاجهم بضرورة قصر وجمع الصلوات طيلة إقامتهم في مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة، فهذا الحكم الشرعي. وقد قال عليه الصلاة والسلام في فتح مكة: «يا أهل مكة أتموا فإننا على سفر»، وقد أقام عليه السلام فيها تسعة عشر يوماً يقصر ويجمع. فلو اتبع الحجاج هذا الهدي النبوي لنقص هذا التلاحم والتزاحم في أماكن العبادة إلى النصف تقريباً.
وقصر الصلاة وجمعها عزيمة عند الجمهور. والعزيمة معناها أن من الواجب في حقهم هذا القصر والجمع.
والقول عند الحنفية والشافعية أن من أتم الصلوات في السفر فقد أساء وعليه الإعادة حتى لو خرج وقتها. وقد اختلف الفقهاء في مسألة جواز القصر والجمع إذا كان المسافر مقيماً في بلد مثل حال الحجاج إلى أكثر من اثني عشر فريقاً، فقيل إنه يجوز القصر إن نوى الإقامة أكثر من أربعة أيام بلياليها.
وقيل بل يقصر أبداً حتى يرجع إلى موطنه الذي خرج منه ما لم ينوِ الاستيطان.
وليس لأي من أقوال تحديد أكثر مدة القصر أصل في الشرع لا في حديث صحيح ولا ضعيف ولا حتى موضوع.
قال ابن تيمية من جعل للمقام حدّاً من الأيام إما ثلاثة أو أربعة أو عشرة.. فإنه قال قولاً لا دليل عليه من جهة الشرع، فالأصل الرجوع إلى العلة وهي السفر، وهذه ملازمة لجميع الحجاج. ولقد أقام ابن عمر في أذربيجان ستة أشهر يجمع ويقصر في الصلوات. وأقام أنس بن مالك سنتين في نيسابور يقصر ويجمع.
فالواجب اتخاذ الأيسر والأسهل، وهذا من تشوق الشارع الحكيم لليسر ورحمته للعباد. بعيداً عن التشدد والغلو والعناد فالحكومة لم تقصر مع ضيوف الرحمن، لكنها محكومة بجغرافية المكان، ويبقى على العلماء الأخذ بالأيسر حتى تتلاحم الجهود ويخرج الحج بالصورة التي يريدها ولي الأمر ويسعى إليها.
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The blessed Eid al-Adha this year 1446 AH falls on Friday, the tenth of Dhu al-Hijjah. Therefore, it is not appropriate to hold the Friday prayer in the Grand Mosque on the day of Eid, as it contradicts the original principle regarding its establishment, due to the Prophet’s prohibition of having two Eids on one day.
The image of the Sacred Mosque is still vivid in my mind from what happened in the Hijri year 1430 when Eid al-Adha coincided with Friday. People prayed in the Grand Mosque, standing closely together, men and women in the circumambulation area, as it was impossible for them to bow or prostrate due to the intense crowding that day, even until the prayer ended, with the danger of death looming over them.
Is such closeness—made worse by holding the prayer among them—considered a form of facilitation and alleviation of hardship that the wise legislator aims for in all acts of worship, especially during Hajj? The Messenger (peace be upon him) repeatedly said on that day to everyone who did such and such, “Do it, and there is no hardship”?
Isn’t this a form of facilitation and alleviation of hardship for Muslims, indicating a rejection of extremism and rigidity, and not marginalizing acts of worship while neglecting the greater objectives and fundamental principles highlighted in the revelations, foremost among them the preservation of life?
In fact, some of these strictnesses contradict the original rulings in jurisprudence. The original ruling regarding the Friday prayer, if it coincides with an Eid, is that people should not perform it, and it is replaced by the Dhuhr prayer. Ata ibn Abi Rabah narrated in the Sunan of Abu Dawood, “Ibn al-Zubair led us in prayer in Mecca on the day of Eid, on Friday, at the beginning of the day. Then we went at noon for the Friday prayer, but he did not come out to us, so we prayed the Dhuhr prayer alone. Ibn Abbas was in Taif. When he came, we mentioned this to him, and he said: ‘He followed the Sunnah.’” Ata is considered the most knowledgeable of the companions regarding the rulings of rituals, and Ibn Abbas is the scholar of the nation and its jurist. Their ruling is based on what the Messenger decreed regarding not performing the Friday prayer on the day of Eid.
How can the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah be violated by performing the Friday prayer on the day of Eid, especially on a day when death is imminent due to the intense crowding, without even performing the prayer, let alone bowing and prostrating?!
Clusters of people are surrounded by death in the circumambulation area, with men and women pressed together, while the imam stands safely and securely, praying for them in the Grand Mosque, far from the dangers and hardships faced by the Muslims before his eyes.
The state has tried its best to expand the area to accommodate as many pilgrims as possible, and we await the activation of the jurisprudential expansion.
The Messenger (peace be upon him), upon the slightest rain, storm, severe cold, or mud on the roads, would command Bilal to say in the call to prayer, “Pray in your homes” instead of the phrase “Come to prayer.”
He also shortened and combined four prayers in Medina without travel, illness, rain, or cold. When asked, he said: “So that my nation does not face hardship.” Is there any greater hardship these days than facing death in the circumambulation area?!
Thus, it is obligatory in the face of this danger and torment not to hold the obligatory prayers in the Grand Mosque in congregation from the dawn of Eid until the dawn of the thirteenth of Dhu al-Hijjah. Instead, the focus should be on the mosques of Mecca, all of which are sacred, and it is permissible to hold congregational prayers in these mosques instead of the Grand Mosque.
Some youths and children a few years ago would spread out on the Jamarat Bridge on the first day of departure from Mina, with loudspeakers in their hands, warning the pilgrims against stoning before noon, while the pilgrims would crowd at noon, then push and shove at the time of noon, leading to overcrowding and falls that claimed the lives of innocent people due to these strict fatwas. When thousands of lives were lost on the Jamarat Bridge, they permitted stoning before noon!
Will this scene repeat in the Grand Mosque, leading to a disaster, God forbid, amidst this crowding and congestion,
and will congregational prayer in the Grand Mosque be abandoned during these days?!
It is also the duty of the Tawaf institutions to remind their pilgrims of the necessity of shortening and combining prayers throughout their stay in Mecca and Medina, as this is the legal ruling. The Messenger (peace be upon him) said during the conquest of Mecca: “O people of Mecca, complete your prayers, for we are on a journey,” and he stayed there for nineteen days, shortening and combining prayers. If the pilgrims followed this prophetic guidance, this closeness and congestion in places of worship would be reduced by almost half.
Shortening and combining prayers is a firm resolution among the majority. This resolution means that it is obligatory for them to shorten and combine.
According to the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools, whoever completes their prayers while traveling has done wrong and must repeat them, even if the time has passed. Scholars have differed on the issue of the permissibility of shortening and combining if the traveler is residing in a place, such as the case of pilgrims, with more than twelve groups, with some saying that shortening is permissible if they intend to stay more than four days and nights.
Others say that they may shorten indefinitely until they return to their place of origin, unless they intend to settle.
None of the opinions regarding the maximum duration for shortening has any basis in the Sharia, neither in authentic nor weak hadith, nor even fabricated ones.
Ibn Taymiyyah stated that whoever sets a limit for the stay, whether three, four, or ten days, has made a statement without evidence from the Sharia. The original principle is to refer to the reason, which is travel, and this applies to all pilgrims. Ibn Umar stayed in Azerbaijan for six months, shortening and combining prayers. Anas ibn Malik stayed for two years in Nishapur, shortening and combining.
It is obligatory to adopt the easier and simplest approach, as this reflects the wise legislator's desire for ease and mercy towards the servants. This should be done away from extremism, rigidity, and obstinacy. The government has not been lenient with the guests of Allah, but it is bound by the geography of the place, and it remains for the scholars to adopt the easier approach until efforts are united, and the pilgrimage is conducted in the manner desired by the ruler and sought after.
The image of the Sacred Mosque is still vivid in my mind from what happened in the Hijri year 1430 when Eid al-Adha coincided with Friday. People prayed in the Grand Mosque, standing closely together, men and women in the circumambulation area, as it was impossible for them to bow or prostrate due to the intense crowding that day, even until the prayer ended, with the danger of death looming over them.
Is such closeness—made worse by holding the prayer among them—considered a form of facilitation and alleviation of hardship that the wise legislator aims for in all acts of worship, especially during Hajj? The Messenger (peace be upon him) repeatedly said on that day to everyone who did such and such, “Do it, and there is no hardship”?
Isn’t this a form of facilitation and alleviation of hardship for Muslims, indicating a rejection of extremism and rigidity, and not marginalizing acts of worship while neglecting the greater objectives and fundamental principles highlighted in the revelations, foremost among them the preservation of life?
In fact, some of these strictnesses contradict the original rulings in jurisprudence. The original ruling regarding the Friday prayer, if it coincides with an Eid, is that people should not perform it, and it is replaced by the Dhuhr prayer. Ata ibn Abi Rabah narrated in the Sunan of Abu Dawood, “Ibn al-Zubair led us in prayer in Mecca on the day of Eid, on Friday, at the beginning of the day. Then we went at noon for the Friday prayer, but he did not come out to us, so we prayed the Dhuhr prayer alone. Ibn Abbas was in Taif. When he came, we mentioned this to him, and he said: ‘He followed the Sunnah.’” Ata is considered the most knowledgeable of the companions regarding the rulings of rituals, and Ibn Abbas is the scholar of the nation and its jurist. Their ruling is based on what the Messenger decreed regarding not performing the Friday prayer on the day of Eid.
How can the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah be violated by performing the Friday prayer on the day of Eid, especially on a day when death is imminent due to the intense crowding, without even performing the prayer, let alone bowing and prostrating?!
Clusters of people are surrounded by death in the circumambulation area, with men and women pressed together, while the imam stands safely and securely, praying for them in the Grand Mosque, far from the dangers and hardships faced by the Muslims before his eyes.
The state has tried its best to expand the area to accommodate as many pilgrims as possible, and we await the activation of the jurisprudential expansion.
The Messenger (peace be upon him), upon the slightest rain, storm, severe cold, or mud on the roads, would command Bilal to say in the call to prayer, “Pray in your homes” instead of the phrase “Come to prayer.”
He also shortened and combined four prayers in Medina without travel, illness, rain, or cold. When asked, he said: “So that my nation does not face hardship.” Is there any greater hardship these days than facing death in the circumambulation area?!
Thus, it is obligatory in the face of this danger and torment not to hold the obligatory prayers in the Grand Mosque in congregation from the dawn of Eid until the dawn of the thirteenth of Dhu al-Hijjah. Instead, the focus should be on the mosques of Mecca, all of which are sacred, and it is permissible to hold congregational prayers in these mosques instead of the Grand Mosque.
Some youths and children a few years ago would spread out on the Jamarat Bridge on the first day of departure from Mina, with loudspeakers in their hands, warning the pilgrims against stoning before noon, while the pilgrims would crowd at noon, then push and shove at the time of noon, leading to overcrowding and falls that claimed the lives of innocent people due to these strict fatwas. When thousands of lives were lost on the Jamarat Bridge, they permitted stoning before noon!
Will this scene repeat in the Grand Mosque, leading to a disaster, God forbid, amidst this crowding and congestion,
and will congregational prayer in the Grand Mosque be abandoned during these days?!
It is also the duty of the Tawaf institutions to remind their pilgrims of the necessity of shortening and combining prayers throughout their stay in Mecca and Medina, as this is the legal ruling. The Messenger (peace be upon him) said during the conquest of Mecca: “O people of Mecca, complete your prayers, for we are on a journey,” and he stayed there for nineteen days, shortening and combining prayers. If the pilgrims followed this prophetic guidance, this closeness and congestion in places of worship would be reduced by almost half.
Shortening and combining prayers is a firm resolution among the majority. This resolution means that it is obligatory for them to shorten and combine.
According to the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools, whoever completes their prayers while traveling has done wrong and must repeat them, even if the time has passed. Scholars have differed on the issue of the permissibility of shortening and combining if the traveler is residing in a place, such as the case of pilgrims, with more than twelve groups, with some saying that shortening is permissible if they intend to stay more than four days and nights.
Others say that they may shorten indefinitely until they return to their place of origin, unless they intend to settle.
None of the opinions regarding the maximum duration for shortening has any basis in the Sharia, neither in authentic nor weak hadith, nor even fabricated ones.
Ibn Taymiyyah stated that whoever sets a limit for the stay, whether three, four, or ten days, has made a statement without evidence from the Sharia. The original principle is to refer to the reason, which is travel, and this applies to all pilgrims. Ibn Umar stayed in Azerbaijan for six months, shortening and combining prayers. Anas ibn Malik stayed for two years in Nishapur, shortening and combining.
It is obligatory to adopt the easier and simplest approach, as this reflects the wise legislator's desire for ease and mercy towards the servants. This should be done away from extremism, rigidity, and obstinacy. The government has not been lenient with the guests of Allah, but it is bound by the geography of the place, and it remains for the scholars to adopt the easier approach until efforts are united, and the pilgrimage is conducted in the manner desired by the ruler and sought after.



