كثيرون يرددون مقولة منسوبة إلى ابن خلدون: «أينما حلّ العرب حلّ الخراب». غير أن الحقيقة أبعد ما تكون عن هذه الصورة المشوهة.. ابن خلدون لم يقصد الطعن بالعرب أو بالبدو، بل كان يصف ديناميكية اجتماعية وحضارية أثبتها التاريخ مراراً.
فالبدو عند ابن خلدون هم أصل القوة، ومنبع العصبية، وحملة راية الفتوحات.
الصحراء صنعت رجالاً أشداء، علمتهم القسوة الصبر، والحرمان الكرامة، والشدائد الشجاعة.. ومن رحم البداوة خرجت جيوش العرب الأولى التي نشرت الإسلام، وأسست واحدة من أعظم الحضارات في التاريخ الإنساني، من الصين شرقاً إلى الأندلس غرباً.
ابن خلدون رأى أن البدو لا يهتمون بالزراعة ولا بالصناعة، ليس عجزاً، بل لأن طبيعتهم المرتحلة لا تسمح بالاستقرار الطويل.. لكن هذه الروح القتالية، وهذا التماسك الاجتماعي، هو ما مكّنهم من كسر إمبراطوريات كبرى لم تصمد أمام صلابتهم! ولولا البدو، لما قامت حضارة حضرية مزدهرة في دمشق أو بغداد أو القاهرة.
أما الحضر -أهل المدن- فقد أخذوا مشعل الحضارة من البدو، فشيّدوا العمران وطوروا الفنون والعلوم.. لكن الترف والراحة أضعف عزيمتهم مع الوقت، فغلبهم بدو جدد أشد بأساً، لتستمر الدورة الحضارية التي رآها ابن خلدون قانوناً للتاريخ.
المفارقة أن البعض يستشهد بابن خلدون لتشويه صورة العرب والبدو، بينما الرجل نفسه لم يكن إلا منصفاً في ملاحظاته: البدو هم الشرارة الأولى، القوة الصاعدة، الدم الجديد الذي يبعث الحياة في عروق الأمم. ولو كان في البدو «خراب»، لما كان لهم فضل في بناء نصف معالم الحضارة العربية الإسلامية.
إنصاف البدو ليس مجاملة، بل قراءة دقيقة للتاريخ: فبينما كان الحضر يغرقون في الملذات، كان البدو يصنعون الممالك.. وبينما ذاب غيرهم في الترف، حمل البدو راية الدين واللغة، فكانوا عماد الأمة في يوم من الأيام.
وفاء الرشيد
ابن خلدون والبدو: من قسوة الصحراء إلى صناعة الحضارة
24 أغسطس 2025 - 00:10
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آخر تحديث 24 أغسطس 2025 - 00:10
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
Many repeat a saying attributed to Ibn Khaldun: "Wherever the Arabs settle, destruction follows." However, the truth is far from this distorted image. Ibn Khaldun did not intend to insult the Arabs or the Bedouins; rather, he was describing a social and civilizational dynamic that history has repeatedly proven.
For Ibn Khaldun, the Bedouins are the source of strength, the wellspring of tribal solidarity, and the bearers of the banner of conquests.
The desert has forged tough men, teaching them that harshness brings patience, deprivation brings dignity, and adversity brings courage. From the womb of Bedouin life emerged the first Arab armies that spread Islam and established one of the greatest civilizations in human history, from China in the east to Andalusia in the west.
Ibn Khaldun observed that the Bedouins do not concern themselves with agriculture or industry, not out of incapacity, but because their nomadic nature does not allow for long-term settlement. Yet this fighting spirit and social cohesion enabled them to break major empires that could not withstand their resilience! Without the Bedouins, a thriving urban civilization would not have arisen in Damascus, Baghdad, or Cairo.
As for the urban dwellers, they took the torch of civilization from the Bedouins, building cities and developing arts and sciences. However, luxury and comfort weakened their resolve over time, leading to their defeat by new, tougher Bedouins, allowing the civilizational cycle that Ibn Khaldun saw as a law of history to continue.
The paradox is that some cite Ibn Khaldun to distort the image of the Arabs and Bedouins, while the man himself was nothing but fair in his observations: the Bedouins are the initial spark, the rising force, the new blood that revives the veins of nations. If there were "destruction" in the Bedouins, they would not have played a role in building half of the landmarks of Arab Islamic civilization.
Defending the Bedouins is not flattery, but an accurate reading of history: while the urban dwellers indulged in pleasures, the Bedouins were establishing kingdoms. And while others melted into luxury, the Bedouins carried the banner of religion and language, becoming the backbone of the nation one day.
For Ibn Khaldun, the Bedouins are the source of strength, the wellspring of tribal solidarity, and the bearers of the banner of conquests.
The desert has forged tough men, teaching them that harshness brings patience, deprivation brings dignity, and adversity brings courage. From the womb of Bedouin life emerged the first Arab armies that spread Islam and established one of the greatest civilizations in human history, from China in the east to Andalusia in the west.
Ibn Khaldun observed that the Bedouins do not concern themselves with agriculture or industry, not out of incapacity, but because their nomadic nature does not allow for long-term settlement. Yet this fighting spirit and social cohesion enabled them to break major empires that could not withstand their resilience! Without the Bedouins, a thriving urban civilization would not have arisen in Damascus, Baghdad, or Cairo.
As for the urban dwellers, they took the torch of civilization from the Bedouins, building cities and developing arts and sciences. However, luxury and comfort weakened their resolve over time, leading to their defeat by new, tougher Bedouins, allowing the civilizational cycle that Ibn Khaldun saw as a law of history to continue.
The paradox is that some cite Ibn Khaldun to distort the image of the Arabs and Bedouins, while the man himself was nothing but fair in his observations: the Bedouins are the initial spark, the rising force, the new blood that revives the veins of nations. If there were "destruction" in the Bedouins, they would not have played a role in building half of the landmarks of Arab Islamic civilization.
Defending the Bedouins is not flattery, but an accurate reading of history: while the urban dwellers indulged in pleasures, the Bedouins were establishing kingdoms. And while others melted into luxury, the Bedouins carried the banner of religion and language, becoming the backbone of the nation one day.


