في لحظة من تلك اللحظات التي تتقاطع فيها القراءة مع الذاكرة، كنت أستعرض فصول رواية 9 مارس للكاتب والمهندس الإرتري العفري محمود شامي، حتى وقفت عند الفصل الثالث، الموسوم بعذوبة: «أوطان تنتمي إلينا، وأخرى ننتمي إليها». عنوان يتقاطع مع أسئلة الهوية والمنفى والانتماء، وتبدأ معه رحلة الغوص في ذاكرة البطلة رحمة، التي يلازمها تاريخ التاسع من مارس كما يلازم الظل صاحبه، كوشم لا يُمحى، كقدر.
ليست رواية 9 مارس مجرّد سرد لأحداث تاريخية، بل هي رحلة في تضاريس النفس البشرية، حكاية منفى وحنين، ونضال يتخلله رجاء لا ينطفئ. هي رواية الوطن البعيد الحاضر في الوجدان، حيث تبقى برعصولي كل العشق لوالد رحمة، وعصب الحياة لوالدتها، وتظل إرتريا تسكن أعماق البطلة، تلاحقها حتى ليالي المطر الباردة في بريطانيا، علّها تحظى يومًا بربيع مارسي جديد.
يشدك الغلاف، ويثير عنوان الرواية تساؤلات في ذهن القارئ والقارئة: لماذا هذا التاريخ بالذات؟ سرعان ما تكشف الرواية عن أثر التاسع من مارس، الذي يتردد صداه في وجدان البطلة، فيعيد تشكيل محطات حياتها، كما لو أنه لغز يتكرر، ويدفعها إلى خوض عواصف الحياة بكل تقلباتها، عبر سردٍ شفيف، ولغة تنبض بحميمية الأماكن والذكريات، لتغدو الرواية شهادة وجدانية على ذاكرة جماعية، وإنسانية عميقة لا تنسى.
لم يكن اختيار الكاتب محمود شامي لعنوان روايته (9 مارس) محض صدفة، بل هو استدعاء لتاريخ حافل بالنضال والتضحيات، تاريخ يشكّل نقطة تحوّل فارقة في مسيرة التحرر الإريتري. التاسع من مارس عام 1977، في إقليم دنكاليا وتحديدًا في مدينة برعصولي الواقعة شمال عصب في دولة إرتريا، هو التاريخ الذي ينسحب صداه على جسد الرواية وشخوصها، وعلى ذاكرة البطلة رحمة التي لا تنفصل عن هذا اليوم كوشمٍ قدره أن يبقى نابضًا.
يحلق بنا الكاتب عبر شخوص الرواية وتسلسل الأحداث إلى عوالم التاريخ والجغرافيا، والحنين والتضحية من أجل المحبوب، والانكسار والنهوض من الخيبات وطعنات القدر، ويعيد تكوين الإنسان في منطقة القرن الأفريقي. شخصية رحمة، بطلة الرواية، تنتمي إلى برعصولي في دنكاليا، ذلك الإقليم الساحلي الذي يفيض بالشعر وأهازيج البحارة، حيث البحر لا يعني الهروب فقط، بل الأمل أيضًا، وحيث تتردد نداءات الحياة من بين الأمواج والأغاني الشعبية.
ومن هناك، من ذاكرة البحر والمكان، تبدأ رحلة المنفى القسري، حين تهاجر رحمة مع أهلها من برعصولي إلى اليمن، ثم إلى جيبوتي. في كل محطة، تترك الأرض أثرها في الروح، وتترك الذاكرة علامات لا تُمحى. ليست الهجرة هنا جغرافيا فقط، بل عبور داخلي مؤلم بين وطنٍ يُنتزع بالقوة، وآخر يُبنى بالحنين.
تفتح الرواية أبوابًا على قلق الهوية والانتماء، وتطرح أسئلتها على لسان شخصيات تتنقل بين أوطان شتى: بغداد، جيبوتي، السودان، وهران، هرجيسا... في كل مدينة صوت، ولكل صوت نبرة الحنين الخاصة. في تاجورا وجيبوتي العاصمة، تصغي الرواية للهجات متنوعة، تعكس امتداد الهوية الجيبوتية بروافدها العفرية والصومالية والعربية، حتى تغدو الرواية سجلًا حيًا لتعدد التكوين الاجتماعي والثقافي في بلدان القرن الأفريقي.
وقد وفقت القاصة والرسامة عائشة رفة نور في لوحة الغلاف، التي تجسّد بطائرٍ يخرج من جسد الإنسان، ليحلّق في فضاء المنافي، في استعارة مرئية عميقة لحياة منفى لا تخلو من الأمل، حيث يعبر الطائر عن النبض الداخلي، عن صوتٍ صامت يصرّ على البقاء.
وسط هذا الحكي، ينبض إقليم دنكاليا، لا كمكان جغرافي فقط، بل كرمزٍ حيّ للذاكرة والهوية. هناك، على شواطئه، تهمس أهازيج البحّارة، وتروى حكايات البحر والانتظار. وهناك، في صخور هذا الساحل، دفنت الأيام بقايا أولى الجماجم الإنسانية المعروفة، كـ«لوسي»، لتشير الرواية إلى عمق جذور هذه الأرض، وكأنها تريد أن تقول إن المنفى ليس مجرد فَقد، بل امتداد لوجود بدأ منذ أقدم الأزمنة.
رحمة وأهلها ليسوا فقط أبطالًا لحكاية معاصرة، بل يمثلون بأوجاعهم وأحلامهم ذلك الامتداد الإنساني العميق لأرض ما تزال، رغم كل الصعوبات، تفيض بالحياة والكرامة. إن رواية التاسع من مارس ليست فقط عن إرتريا، بل عن الإنسان الذي يُقتلع، ثم يعيد بناء نفسه من رماد الغياب، عن أرض تُنسى قسرًا ولكن لا تُمحى من الوجدان.
وتقف الرواية أيضًا على تخوم بلد عربي أفريقي كجيبوتي، حيث تتقاطع اللغات والثقافات عند بوابة البحر الأحمر. العربية، رغم منافسة الفرنسية التي ترسّخت إداريًا وتعليميًا منذ ما يزيد على 160 عامًا، لا تزال نابضة في الوجدان الشعبي والروحي للمجتمع الجيبوتي. أما اللغات المحلية، كالعفرية والصومالية، فهي ليست فقط أدوات تواصل، بل حُفر في ذاكرة الأرض، وجذور لهوية جماعية غنية، تنعكس على تفاصيل الشخصيات في الرواية.
9 مارس إذًا، ليست فقط عنوانًا لزمن مضى، بل نافذة تُفتح على أسئلة لم تغلق بعد، عن المنفى، عن الهوية، عن ما تبقى من الوطن في قلوب من عبروا البحر بحثًا عن ضوء بعيد. رواية تمسك بيد القارئ والقارئة، وتأخذهما إلى هناك... حيث لا يزال البحر يغني للذين لم يعودوا، وحيث تظل الذاكرة، رغم كل شيء، هي الوطن الحقيقي.
أوطان تنتمي لنا أوطان ننتمي لها
30 مايو 2025 - 04:19
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آخر تحديث 30 مايو 2025 - 04:19
فاطمة موسى.
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
فاطمة موسى - إرتريا
In a moment when reading intersects with memory, I was browsing the chapters of the novel "9 March" by the Eritrean Afar writer and engineer Mahmoud Shami, until I stopped at the third chapter, sweetly titled: "Homelands that belong to us, and others we belong to." A title that intersects with questions of identity, exile, and belonging, and with it begins the journey of diving into the memory of the heroine Rahma, who is accompanied by the history of the ninth of March as a shadow follows its owner, like an indelible tattoo, like fate.
The novel "9 March" is not just a narration of historical events; it is a journey through the terrains of the human soul, a tale of exile and longing, and a struggle interspersed with an unquenchable hope. It is a novel of the distant homeland present in the consciousness, where the love for Rahma's father remains in Bar'Asuli, and the lifeblood of her mother, while Eritrea continues to dwell in the depths of the heroine, chasing her even through the cold rainy nights in Britain, hoping that one day she will have a new March spring.
The cover draws you in, and the title of the novel raises questions in the reader's mind: Why this date in particular? The novel quickly reveals the impact of the ninth of March, which resonates in the consciousness of the heroine, reshaping the milestones of her life, as if it were a recurring riddle, pushing her to face the storms of life with all its fluctuations, through a transparent narrative and a language that pulses with the intimacy of places and memories, making the novel an emotional testimony to a collective memory, a deep humanity that is unforgettable.
The choice of the writer Mahmoud Shami for the title of his novel (9 March) was not a mere coincidence, but a summons to a history rich with struggle and sacrifices, a history that forms a pivotal turning point in the course of Eritrean liberation. The ninth of March 1977, in the Dankalia region, specifically in the city of Bar'Asuli located north of Assab in the state of Eritrea, is the date whose echo resonates throughout the body of the novel and its characters, and in the memory of the heroine Rahma, who is inseparable from this day, like a tattoo destined to remain alive.
The writer takes us through the characters of the novel and the sequence of events into worlds of history and geography, longing and sacrifice for the beloved, and the breaking and rising from disappointments and the stabs of fate, and reconstructs the human experience in the Horn of Africa. The character of Rahma, the heroine of the novel, belongs to Bar'Asuli in Dankalia, that coastal region overflowing with poetry and the songs of sailors, where the sea means not just escape, but hope as well, and where the calls of life resonate among the waves and folk songs.
From there, from the memory of the sea and the place, the journey of forced exile begins, as Rahma migrates with her family from Bar'Asuli to Yemen, then to Djibouti. At every stop, the land leaves its mark on the soul, and memory leaves indelible signs. Migration here is not just geographical, but a painful internal crossing between a homeland that is forcibly taken away, and another that is built on longing.
The novel opens doors to the anxiety of identity and belonging, posing its questions through characters who move between various homelands: Baghdad, Djibouti, Sudan, Oran, Hargeisa... In each city, there is a voice, and each voice has its own tone of longing. In Tajoura and Djibouti City, the novel listens to diverse dialects, reflecting the extension of Djiboutian identity through its Afar, Somali, and Arabic tributaries, making the novel a living record of the social and cultural diversity in the countries of the Horn of Africa.
The writer and artist Aisha Rifa Noor succeeded in the cover painting, which depicts a bird emerging from the human body, soaring in the space of exiles, in a deep visual metaphor for a life of exile that is not devoid of hope, where the bird expresses the internal pulse, a silent voice that insists on remaining.
Amidst this narrative, the Dankalia region pulses, not just as a geographical place, but as a living symbol of memory and identity. There, on its shores, the songs of sailors whisper, and tales of the sea and waiting are told. And there, in the rocks of this coast, the remnants of the first known human skulls, like "Lucy," were buried, indicating the depth of the roots of this land, as if the novel wants to say that exile is not merely a loss, but an extension of existence that began since the earliest times.
Rahma and her family are not just heroes of a contemporary tale, but they represent, with their pains and dreams, that deep human extension of a land that still, despite all difficulties, overflows with life and dignity. The novel of the ninth of March is not just about Eritrea, but about the human being who is uprooted, then rebuilds themselves from the ashes of absence, about a land that is forcibly forgotten but not erased from the consciousness.
The novel also stands at the borders of an African Arab country like Djibouti, where languages and cultures intersect at the gateway to the Red Sea. Arabic, despite the competition from French, which has been entrenched administratively and educationally for more than 160 years, remains vibrant in the popular and spiritual consciousness of the Djiboutian community. As for the local languages, such as Afar and Somali, they are not just tools of communication, but engravings in the memory of the land, and roots of a rich collective identity, reflected in the details of the characters in the novel.
9 March, then, is not just a title for a time that has passed, but a window that opens to questions that have not yet closed, about exile, about identity, about what remains of the homeland in the hearts of those who crossed the sea in search of a distant light. A novel that takes the hand of the reader and leads them there... where the sea still sings for those who have not returned, and where memory, despite everything, remains the true homeland.
The novel "9 March" is not just a narration of historical events; it is a journey through the terrains of the human soul, a tale of exile and longing, and a struggle interspersed with an unquenchable hope. It is a novel of the distant homeland present in the consciousness, where the love for Rahma's father remains in Bar'Asuli, and the lifeblood of her mother, while Eritrea continues to dwell in the depths of the heroine, chasing her even through the cold rainy nights in Britain, hoping that one day she will have a new March spring.
The cover draws you in, and the title of the novel raises questions in the reader's mind: Why this date in particular? The novel quickly reveals the impact of the ninth of March, which resonates in the consciousness of the heroine, reshaping the milestones of her life, as if it were a recurring riddle, pushing her to face the storms of life with all its fluctuations, through a transparent narrative and a language that pulses with the intimacy of places and memories, making the novel an emotional testimony to a collective memory, a deep humanity that is unforgettable.
The choice of the writer Mahmoud Shami for the title of his novel (9 March) was not a mere coincidence, but a summons to a history rich with struggle and sacrifices, a history that forms a pivotal turning point in the course of Eritrean liberation. The ninth of March 1977, in the Dankalia region, specifically in the city of Bar'Asuli located north of Assab in the state of Eritrea, is the date whose echo resonates throughout the body of the novel and its characters, and in the memory of the heroine Rahma, who is inseparable from this day, like a tattoo destined to remain alive.
The writer takes us through the characters of the novel and the sequence of events into worlds of history and geography, longing and sacrifice for the beloved, and the breaking and rising from disappointments and the stabs of fate, and reconstructs the human experience in the Horn of Africa. The character of Rahma, the heroine of the novel, belongs to Bar'Asuli in Dankalia, that coastal region overflowing with poetry and the songs of sailors, where the sea means not just escape, but hope as well, and where the calls of life resonate among the waves and folk songs.
From there, from the memory of the sea and the place, the journey of forced exile begins, as Rahma migrates with her family from Bar'Asuli to Yemen, then to Djibouti. At every stop, the land leaves its mark on the soul, and memory leaves indelible signs. Migration here is not just geographical, but a painful internal crossing between a homeland that is forcibly taken away, and another that is built on longing.
The novel opens doors to the anxiety of identity and belonging, posing its questions through characters who move between various homelands: Baghdad, Djibouti, Sudan, Oran, Hargeisa... In each city, there is a voice, and each voice has its own tone of longing. In Tajoura and Djibouti City, the novel listens to diverse dialects, reflecting the extension of Djiboutian identity through its Afar, Somali, and Arabic tributaries, making the novel a living record of the social and cultural diversity in the countries of the Horn of Africa.
The writer and artist Aisha Rifa Noor succeeded in the cover painting, which depicts a bird emerging from the human body, soaring in the space of exiles, in a deep visual metaphor for a life of exile that is not devoid of hope, where the bird expresses the internal pulse, a silent voice that insists on remaining.
Amidst this narrative, the Dankalia region pulses, not just as a geographical place, but as a living symbol of memory and identity. There, on its shores, the songs of sailors whisper, and tales of the sea and waiting are told. And there, in the rocks of this coast, the remnants of the first known human skulls, like "Lucy," were buried, indicating the depth of the roots of this land, as if the novel wants to say that exile is not merely a loss, but an extension of existence that began since the earliest times.
Rahma and her family are not just heroes of a contemporary tale, but they represent, with their pains and dreams, that deep human extension of a land that still, despite all difficulties, overflows with life and dignity. The novel of the ninth of March is not just about Eritrea, but about the human being who is uprooted, then rebuilds themselves from the ashes of absence, about a land that is forcibly forgotten but not erased from the consciousness.
The novel also stands at the borders of an African Arab country like Djibouti, where languages and cultures intersect at the gateway to the Red Sea. Arabic, despite the competition from French, which has been entrenched administratively and educationally for more than 160 years, remains vibrant in the popular and spiritual consciousness of the Djiboutian community. As for the local languages, such as Afar and Somali, they are not just tools of communication, but engravings in the memory of the land, and roots of a rich collective identity, reflected in the details of the characters in the novel.
9 March, then, is not just a title for a time that has passed, but a window that opens to questions that have not yet closed, about exile, about identity, about what remains of the homeland in the hearts of those who crossed the sea in search of a distant light. A novel that takes the hand of the reader and leads them there... where the sea still sings for those who have not returned, and where memory, despite everything, remains the true homeland.