لستُ ممن يجنح، إلى أن المقصود بنداء الجُمعة، الدعوة لأداء صلاة الظهر التي هي المقصودة في آية الجمعة، وهناك من يسبّب هذا النداء، بكون الناس تجتمع للتبضع والتسوّق، فناداهم لصلاة الظهر المعتادة، كي لا ينشغلوا بالدنيوي، عن الدِّيني؛ إلا أنّه لا شكّ عندي في فرضيّة صلاة الجمعة بالسنّة القولية والفعليّة، والتواتر العملي الذي حملته ألوف مؤلفة من المسلمين عبر التاريخ.
وما لفت انتباهي عندما طرقت فكرة هذا الموضوع باب دماغي، أو أنه طرق بابها، أن الإسلام لم يفرض على المسلمين، يوم راحة شأن اليهود الذين ألزمهم بالراحة يوم السبت؛ والنصارى الذين جعل من الأحد يوم راحتهم، دون خوض في الأسباب التي ربما تُشوّش على النفس، وتكدّر الخاطر، وليس كل ما لدى اليهود والنصارى ممنوعاً على المسلمين؛ ومن الأدلة على ذلك (شرع من قبلنا شرعٌ لنا).
وكان مما أدركته في مجتمعات القُرى أن الأهالي ينطلقون من الحقول، والوديان؛ والمراعي، والدكاكين، إلى مساجدهم لإقامة صلاة الجمعة، وقِلّة يأتون من البيوت؛ امتثالاً لقوله تعالى (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ)، وما كانوا كلهم أهلَ بيعٍ، لكنه تعبير بالغالب، أو بسبب النزول، وكان امتثالهم أكبر للآية التالية (فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ) لأنهم سرعان ما يعودون إلى نشاطهم، شأن بقيّة الأيام، ومن أمثالهم الدارجة (أيامُ الله سوا).
ولربما حدث التحوّل في حياة الناس، في الزمن الوظيفي، وآثرت بعض الدول أن تجعل الجمعة يوم راحة لأجل التفرغ للصلاة والتعبّد، علماً بأن في الدول أجهزة كثيرة لا ترتاح، ولا تُعطّل، وتقوم بعملها في يوم الجمعة، شأن بقيّة الأسبوع، وموظفوها يسعون للجوامع وقت النداء؛ ومن ثم يستأنفون العمل، والآية الكريمة من سورة الجمعة؛ لم تلغِ السوق لوجود صلاة؛ بل علّقت النشاطات خلال زمن الأداء القصير، وبهذا نتيقن أنه لا العمل يوم الجمعة يُلغي فرضيّة صلاة الجمعة أو يُعطّلها، ولا صلاة الجمعة كانت مُبرراً للتخلي عن عمل.
وقطعاً لكل عبادة حِكم ومقاصد، منها ما هو ظاهر ومنها الاستنباطي، ومنها ما لا يعلمه إلا الله؛ ومن عِلل صلاة الجمعة الظاهرة؛ التقاء المسلمين، وتفقد بعضهم، وتعزيز التكافل، وإظهار أنفسهم أمام غيرهم، وليس فرضها تعبّديّاً محضاً، علماً بأن الإسلام لم يجعل من التكاليف الشرعية عبئاً على المُكلّف، ولم يصادم بين دِين المسلم ودنياه، ففي الحج قال تعالى (لِّيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَّعْلُومَاتٍ)، وفسّر فقهاء المنافع بالتجارة ومنافع الدنيا.
ولنا في المسلمين خلال شهر رمضان، نموذج ومثال حيّ وحيوي، فالشعوب المسلمة تصوم وتعمل من الصباح إلى العصر، دون إخلال بالفريضة ولا استهانة بالواجب العملي، وبما أن دِين الإسلام دين العمل والإنتاج فلن تكون عبادة من العبادات عائقاً للإنتاج، في ظل إمكانية أداء العبادي مع العمل الذي هو أيضاً عبادة فعلها مُتعدٍّ وليس قاصراً، والجمع بين مصلحتين أولى من إلغاء إحداهما.
بالطبع الجمعة؛ عند جمهور الفقهاء ليست بديلةً عن الظهر، بل صلاة مستقلّة؛ ووقتها من الأوقات الموسّعة، والوقت شرط لصحة الصلاة؛ لكن ليس للجمعة وقتاً خاصاً بها، بل وقتها وقت صلاة الظهر، الذي يمكنه استيعاب صلاة الجمعة، بدءًا من الزوال أو قبله إلى وقت العصر، ولو تأخّر وقتها عن وقت صلاة الظهر حالياً لساعة أو ساعتين فلن يفوّت مصلحةً دينية ولا دنيوية؛ بل ربما يترتب عليه مصلحة عليا.
ومن المشهور عن المالكية تأخير وقت الظهر والجمعة إلى ما قبل العصر بقليل، وأداء الصلاتين (الجمعة والعصر) في وقت واحد، اعتماداً على فهمهم للجمع؛ الذي هو عندهم صوري ، إذ الجمع عندهم وبحسب استنباطهم إنما هو؛ تأخير الصلاة الأولى لآخر وقتها، وتقديم الثانية لأول وقتها، وعلى هذا عمل الناس في بلاد المغرب العربي وشمال أفريقيا دون نكير.
وبما أن الجمعة لا تمنع العمل بنصّ الآية؛ والعمل لا يعطّل الجمعة؛ ومن تمسك بوقتها الحالي؛ يمكن منحه وقتاً للصلاة؛ وهو على رأس عمله؛ إذ لا يتجاوز على الأكثر نصف ساعة؛ وإن صدرت فتوى بتأخيرها فربما ارتفع حرج عن الموظف وغيره؛ والقرار الذي يترتب عليه مصلحة؛ إن لم يخالف مقصداً شرعياً صريحاً، ولا دليلاً من كتاب أو سُنّة؛ ولا إجماع، ولا يُفوّت مصلحةً مساوية أو راجحة، يعدّ من الشرع، أخذاً بالمصالح التي يراها ويعتمدها وليُّ الأمر.
علي بن محمد الرباعي
العمل لا يُلغي صلاة الجمعة
12 سبتمبر 2025 - 00:02
|
آخر تحديث 12 سبتمبر 2025 - 17:31
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
I am not one who tends to believe that the call of Friday is a call to perform the noon prayer, which is the one referred to in the verse about Friday. Some argue that this call is made because people gather to shop and buy, so they are called to the usual noon prayer, so that they do not get distracted by worldly matters from religious ones; however, I have no doubt about the obligation of Friday prayer based on both the prophetic traditions and the practical consensus that has been carried by countless Muslims throughout history.
What caught my attention when the idea of this topic knocked on the door of my mind, or perhaps it knocked on its door, is that Islam did not impose a day of rest on Muslims, unlike the Jews, who were obligated to rest on Saturday, and the Christians, who made Sunday their day of rest, without delving into the reasons that might confuse the soul and disturb the mind. Not everything that the Jews and Christians have is prohibited for Muslims; one of the pieces of evidence for this is (What was legislated for those before us is also legislation for us).
What I have noticed in rural communities is that the people come from fields, valleys, pastures, and shops to their mosques to perform the Friday prayer, and few come from their homes, in compliance with the saying of Allah (O you who have believed, when the call is proclaimed for the prayer on the day of Friday, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew). Not everyone among them is a merchant, but it is a predominant expression, or due to the context of the verse, and their compliance is greater with the following verse (And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek the bounty of Allah and remember Allah often that you may succeed) because they quickly return to their activities, like the rest of the days, and a common saying among them is (The days of Allah are the same).
Perhaps a shift occurred in people's lives during working hours, and some countries preferred to make Friday a day of rest to dedicate themselves to prayer and worship, knowing that in many countries, institutions do not rest or stop working on Friday, just like the rest of the week, and their employees rush to the mosques at the time of the call; then they resume work. The noble verse from Surah Al-Jumu'ah did not abolish trade due to the existence of prayer; rather, it suspended activities during the short performance time, and thus we can be sure that neither work on Friday cancels the obligation of Friday prayer nor does Friday prayer justify neglecting work.
Every act of worship has its wisdom and purposes, some of which are apparent and some are inferred, and some of which only Allah knows; among the apparent reasons for Friday prayer are the gathering of Muslims, checking on one another, enhancing mutual support, and presenting themselves before others. Its obligation is not purely for worship, knowing that Islam did not make the legal obligations a burden on the obligated person, nor did it create a conflict between a Muslim's religion and worldly life. In Hajj, Allah says (So that they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days), and scholars have interpreted benefits to include trade and worldly gains.
We have in Muslims during the month of Ramadan a living and vital example; Muslim peoples fast and work from morning until afternoon, without neglecting the obligatory prayer or belittling practical duties. Since the religion of Islam is a religion of work and production, no act of worship will be an obstacle to production, as it is possible to perform acts of worship alongside work, which is also an act of worship that is expansive and not limited, and combining two interests is preferable to neglecting one.
Of course, Friday, according to the majority of scholars, is not a substitute for the noon prayer, but an independent prayer; its time is among the extended times, and time is a condition for the validity of prayer; however, Friday does not have a specific time of its own, but its time is the time of the noon prayer, which can accommodate Friday prayer, starting from noon or before it until the time of the afternoon prayer. Even if its time were delayed beyond the time of the noon prayer currently by an hour or two, it would not miss a religious or worldly interest; rather, it might lead to a higher interest.
It is well-known among the Malikis to delay the time of the noon and Friday prayers until shortly before the afternoon prayer and to perform both prayers (Friday and afternoon) at the same time, based on their understanding of combining prayers; which they see as a matter of formality, as combining, according to their inference, is merely delaying the first prayer to its last time and advancing the second prayer to its earliest time. People in the Maghreb and North Africa have practiced this without objection.
Since Friday does not prevent work according to the text of the verse, and work does not disrupt Friday; those who adhere to its current time can be granted time for prayer while they are at work, as it does not exceed half an hour at most; and if a fatwa were issued to delay it, it might relieve the burden on employees and others; and the decision that leads to an interest, if it does not contradict a clear legal purpose, or a piece of evidence from the Book or Sunnah, or consensus, and does not miss an equal or greater interest, is considered part of the law, taking into account the interests that the ruler sees and relies upon.
What caught my attention when the idea of this topic knocked on the door of my mind, or perhaps it knocked on its door, is that Islam did not impose a day of rest on Muslims, unlike the Jews, who were obligated to rest on Saturday, and the Christians, who made Sunday their day of rest, without delving into the reasons that might confuse the soul and disturb the mind. Not everything that the Jews and Christians have is prohibited for Muslims; one of the pieces of evidence for this is (What was legislated for those before us is also legislation for us).
What I have noticed in rural communities is that the people come from fields, valleys, pastures, and shops to their mosques to perform the Friday prayer, and few come from their homes, in compliance with the saying of Allah (O you who have believed, when the call is proclaimed for the prayer on the day of Friday, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew). Not everyone among them is a merchant, but it is a predominant expression, or due to the context of the verse, and their compliance is greater with the following verse (And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek the bounty of Allah and remember Allah often that you may succeed) because they quickly return to their activities, like the rest of the days, and a common saying among them is (The days of Allah are the same).
Perhaps a shift occurred in people's lives during working hours, and some countries preferred to make Friday a day of rest to dedicate themselves to prayer and worship, knowing that in many countries, institutions do not rest or stop working on Friday, just like the rest of the week, and their employees rush to the mosques at the time of the call; then they resume work. The noble verse from Surah Al-Jumu'ah did not abolish trade due to the existence of prayer; rather, it suspended activities during the short performance time, and thus we can be sure that neither work on Friday cancels the obligation of Friday prayer nor does Friday prayer justify neglecting work.
Every act of worship has its wisdom and purposes, some of which are apparent and some are inferred, and some of which only Allah knows; among the apparent reasons for Friday prayer are the gathering of Muslims, checking on one another, enhancing mutual support, and presenting themselves before others. Its obligation is not purely for worship, knowing that Islam did not make the legal obligations a burden on the obligated person, nor did it create a conflict between a Muslim's religion and worldly life. In Hajj, Allah says (So that they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days), and scholars have interpreted benefits to include trade and worldly gains.
We have in Muslims during the month of Ramadan a living and vital example; Muslim peoples fast and work from morning until afternoon, without neglecting the obligatory prayer or belittling practical duties. Since the religion of Islam is a religion of work and production, no act of worship will be an obstacle to production, as it is possible to perform acts of worship alongside work, which is also an act of worship that is expansive and not limited, and combining two interests is preferable to neglecting one.
Of course, Friday, according to the majority of scholars, is not a substitute for the noon prayer, but an independent prayer; its time is among the extended times, and time is a condition for the validity of prayer; however, Friday does not have a specific time of its own, but its time is the time of the noon prayer, which can accommodate Friday prayer, starting from noon or before it until the time of the afternoon prayer. Even if its time were delayed beyond the time of the noon prayer currently by an hour or two, it would not miss a religious or worldly interest; rather, it might lead to a higher interest.
It is well-known among the Malikis to delay the time of the noon and Friday prayers until shortly before the afternoon prayer and to perform both prayers (Friday and afternoon) at the same time, based on their understanding of combining prayers; which they see as a matter of formality, as combining, according to their inference, is merely delaying the first prayer to its last time and advancing the second prayer to its earliest time. People in the Maghreb and North Africa have practiced this without objection.
Since Friday does not prevent work according to the text of the verse, and work does not disrupt Friday; those who adhere to its current time can be granted time for prayer while they are at work, as it does not exceed half an hour at most; and if a fatwa were issued to delay it, it might relieve the burden on employees and others; and the decision that leads to an interest, if it does not contradict a clear legal purpose, or a piece of evidence from the Book or Sunnah, or consensus, and does not miss an equal or greater interest, is considered part of the law, taking into account the interests that the ruler sees and relies upon.


