عادة ما تسبق الحروب سلسلة من المفاوضات، التي يحاول خلالها كل طرف تغليب مصلحة بلاده على مصلحة الطرف الآخر وكسب المزيد من المزايا، وتجنيب بلده الانزلاق في مستنقع الحرب لما لها من نتائج مدمرة، والمفاوضات ليست أمراً هيّناً وقد لا تنجح في نهاية المطاف، بل غالباً ما تكون سلسلة طويلة من اللقاءات المشتركة التي ترعاها دول أخرى محايدة أو صديقة لكلا الطرفين، ولا تحقق المفاوضات نتائج مثمرة إلا عندما تتحقق عدة شروط، لعل أهمها هو رغبة جميع الأطراف المنخرطة في الصراع في التوصل لحل عادل تُراعى فيه مصالح الجميع.
يجب أن تتضمن بنود التفاوض المحتوى الذي يقرّب وجهات النظر المتعارضة لجميع الأطراف من بعضها البعض، فالتفاوض أساسه أن يبدي كل طرف بعض المرونة وعدم التشدّد الضار بالطرف الآخر، بهدف تهدئة الأوضاع وعدم الوصول بها لنقطة اللاعودة، وتجنّب اندلاع الحرب بقدر المستطاع، فكافة دول العالم وشعوبه الآن غدت على معرفة كاملة وإدراك تام بالتكلفة الباهظة للحروب واستنزافها لكافة الموارد المالية والبشرية لجميع الأطراف المتحاربة، حتى الأطراف المنتصرة تتأثر كثيراً بالحروب سلباً.
تعد سيادة الدول على أراضيها هي المطلب الذي تحرص كل دولة على الحفاظ عليه مهما قدّمت من تنازلات، وبعودة قليلاً للوراء نجد أن المفاوضات أنقذت العالم من كوارث محققة ولم تنقذ طرفي النزاع فحسب، فعلى سبيل المثال نجحت المفاوضات في منع العالم من الانزلاق في الفوضى العسكرية خلال الأزمة الأمريكية الكوبية 1962، ومن المؤكد أن مصير المفاوضات هو الفشل التام حال إصرار الطرفين (أو حتى أحدهما فحسب) على تحقيق جميع أهداف أجندته بالكامل، دون اكتراث بما إذا كان تحقيق هذه الأهداف قد يضر بدرجة أو بأخرى بمصالح الطرف الآخر، وعندما تصل المفاوضات إلى طريق مسدود تندلع وقتئذ الحروب.
هناك بعض الدول التي ترفض مبدأ المفاوضات وتفضل عليها لغة الحرب، ذلك أن الحرب تجسيد للغة القوة، فالحروب طريق يسلكه البعض لتحقيق أهدافه عنوة، وينتصر فيها بطبيعة الحال الطرف الأقوى عسكرياً، وفي هذه الحالة تعتبر الحرب مدمرة للطرف الأضعف، الذي يخوض الحرب مضطراً دفاعاً عن أرضه أو سيادته، وهو ما يحدث في الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية الدائرة حالياً، ويظن الطرف الأقوى أن الحرب العسكرية ستحقق له ما لم تحققه المفاوضات، ومن خلالها سيحقق جميع أهدافه حتى لو على حساب سحق الطرف الآخر.
ومن الملاحظ أنه كلما زادت القدرة العسكرية لطرف ما وكثر عدد حلفائه كلما كان الطرف الأشد تعنتاً في المفاوضات، فهو يدخل المفاوضات مغتراً بقوته ويريد لنفسه كل شيء، يريد تحقيق كافة مصالحه وتنفيذ جميع شروطه، لا ينظر إلا لنفسه فهو متمحور حول مطالبه هو فقط، وهو لا يريد للطرف الآخر أن ينجح في تحقيق أي شيء، وهو بذلك لا يريد تفاوضاً بل يرغب في تنازل رسمي بتوقيع المفاوضين يستطيع أن يستخدمه على المدى الطويل كورقة ضغط، وتلك السياسة هي التي تتبعها إسرائيل في مفاوضتها مع الدول العربية حتى يومنا هذا.
إسرائيل لا تعترف بحقوق العرب التاريخية في أراضيهم، فهي تريد الجولان ومزارع شبعا والضفة الغربية وغزة، وهي تتمادى في الحصول على أراضٍ لا تملكها من خلال إقحام آلتها العسكرية في أراضي بعض الدول المجاورة مدعومة بمساندة بعض الدول الغربية، وهي تتبع سياسة فرض الأمر الواقع كاستراتيجية بعيدة المدى، وهي لا تريد الاعتراف بدولة فلسطينية ولا بأي حقوق للشعب الفلسطيني، فهي تريد تهجير الشعب الفلسطيني من أراضيه، فإن قاوم تقوم بقتله بدم بارد، وخلال تلك الدموية لا تفرق بين رجل وامرأة أو شيخ وطفل أو عسكري ومدني.
من الواضح تماماً أن إسرائيل ترغب بشدة في استعادة الأراضي الفلسطينية التي تديرها السلطة الفلسطينية بموجب اتفاقات أوسلو، فبخلاف تعدي المستوطنين المتطرفين على أبناء الضفة الغربية، الذين تقوم السلطات الإسرائيلية نفسها بتسليحهم ليتمكنوا من ترهيب الفلسطينيين والتعدي عليهم كلما سنحت لهم الظروف، تقوم ببناء الكثير من المستوطنات هناك وتقوم بنقل الكثير من الإسرائيليين إليها للعيش فيها، وبذلك تتمكن من تغيير الهوية الفلسطينية واستبدالها بالهوية الإسرائيلية بالتدريج حتى تنضم كامل الأراضي الفلسطينية لدولة إسرائيل.
تدّعي إسرائيل أنها حريصة أشد الحرص على إجراء مفاوضات سلام جادة وبنّاءة مع العرب، ومن هنا اتضح لنا المفهوم الذي تقصده إسرائيل بالسلام، فهو هذا النوع من السلام الذي تريد أن تأخذ فيه كل شيء مقابل لا شيء تعطيه للفلسطينيين، فهي تنكر تماماً حق الفلسطينيين في أن يحصلوا على حقوقهم، فهي تنكر كافة حقوقهم وأهمها حقهم في أن تكون لهم دولة باسمهم معترف بها دولياً.
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
Wars are usually preceded by a series of negotiations, during which each party tries to prioritize the interests of their country over those of the other party and gain more advantages, while avoiding dragging their country into the quagmire of war due to its devastating consequences. Negotiations are not an easy matter and may ultimately fail; rather, they often consist of a long series of joint meetings sponsored by other neutral or friendly countries to both parties. Negotiations yield fruitful results only when several conditions are met, the most important of which is the willingness of all parties involved in the conflict to reach a fair solution that takes into account everyone's interests.
The negotiation terms must include content that brings the conflicting viewpoints of all parties closer together. The essence of negotiation is that each party shows some flexibility and avoids harmful rigidity towards the other party, aiming to calm the situation and prevent it from reaching a point of no return, and to avoid the outbreak of war as much as possible. All countries and peoples of the world are now fully aware and have a complete understanding of the exorbitant costs of wars and their draining of all financial and human resources for all warring parties; even the victorious parties are significantly negatively affected by wars.
The sovereignty of countries over their territories is the demand that every country strives to maintain, no matter what concessions it may offer. Looking back a little, we find that negotiations have saved the world from certain disasters and not just the conflicting parties. For example, negotiations successfully prevented the world from slipping into military chaos during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. It is certain that the fate of negotiations is complete failure if both parties (or even just one of them) insist on achieving all their agenda's goals entirely, regardless of whether achieving these goals may harm the interests of the other party to some degree. When negotiations reach a deadlock, wars then erupt.
There are some countries that reject the principle of negotiations and prefer the language of war, as war embodies the language of power. Wars are a path taken by some to forcibly achieve their goals, and naturally, the stronger military party wins. In this case, war is destructive for the weaker party, which is compelled to fight in defense of its land or sovereignty, as is happening in the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. The stronger party believes that military war will achieve what negotiations could not, and through it, it will achieve all its goals, even at the expense of crushing the other party.
It is noticeable that the greater the military capability of one party and the more allies it has, the more obstinate that party becomes in negotiations. It enters negotiations overconfident in its strength and wants everything for itself, seeking to achieve all its interests and implement all its conditions, looking only to itself, centered solely around its own demands. It does not want the other party to succeed in achieving anything; thus, it does not want negotiations but rather desires an official concession signed by the negotiators that it can use in the long term as leverage. This is the policy followed by Israel in its negotiations with Arab countries to this day.
Israel does not recognize the historical rights of Arabs in their lands; it wants the Golan Heights, Shebaa Farms, the West Bank, and Gaza. It continues to acquire lands it does not own by involving its military in the territories of some neighboring countries, supported by some Western nations. It follows a policy of imposing facts on the ground as a long-term strategy and does not want to recognize a Palestinian state or any rights for the Palestinian people. It aims to displace the Palestinian people from their lands; if they resist, it kills them cold-bloodedly, and during this bloodshed, it does not differentiate between man and woman, elder and child, or soldier and civilian.
It is clear that Israel is very eager to reclaim the Palestinian territories administered by the Palestinian Authority under the Oslo Accords. Aside from the encroachments of extremist settlers on the people of the West Bank, whom the Israeli authorities themselves arm to intimidate and attack Palestinians whenever circumstances allow, it is building many settlements there and relocating many Israelis to live in them. Thus, it is able to gradually change the Palestinian identity and replace it with the Israeli identity until all Palestinian lands are annexed to the State of Israel.
Israel claims to be very keen on conducting serious and constructive peace negotiations with the Arabs. Here, the concept of peace that Israel means becomes clear; it is the kind of peace where it wants to take everything in exchange for nothing given to the Palestinians. It completely denies the Palestinians' right to obtain their rights, denying all their rights, the most important of which is their right to have a state recognized internationally in their name.
The negotiation terms must include content that brings the conflicting viewpoints of all parties closer together. The essence of negotiation is that each party shows some flexibility and avoids harmful rigidity towards the other party, aiming to calm the situation and prevent it from reaching a point of no return, and to avoid the outbreak of war as much as possible. All countries and peoples of the world are now fully aware and have a complete understanding of the exorbitant costs of wars and their draining of all financial and human resources for all warring parties; even the victorious parties are significantly negatively affected by wars.
The sovereignty of countries over their territories is the demand that every country strives to maintain, no matter what concessions it may offer. Looking back a little, we find that negotiations have saved the world from certain disasters and not just the conflicting parties. For example, negotiations successfully prevented the world from slipping into military chaos during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. It is certain that the fate of negotiations is complete failure if both parties (or even just one of them) insist on achieving all their agenda's goals entirely, regardless of whether achieving these goals may harm the interests of the other party to some degree. When negotiations reach a deadlock, wars then erupt.
There are some countries that reject the principle of negotiations and prefer the language of war, as war embodies the language of power. Wars are a path taken by some to forcibly achieve their goals, and naturally, the stronger military party wins. In this case, war is destructive for the weaker party, which is compelled to fight in defense of its land or sovereignty, as is happening in the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. The stronger party believes that military war will achieve what negotiations could not, and through it, it will achieve all its goals, even at the expense of crushing the other party.
It is noticeable that the greater the military capability of one party and the more allies it has, the more obstinate that party becomes in negotiations. It enters negotiations overconfident in its strength and wants everything for itself, seeking to achieve all its interests and implement all its conditions, looking only to itself, centered solely around its own demands. It does not want the other party to succeed in achieving anything; thus, it does not want negotiations but rather desires an official concession signed by the negotiators that it can use in the long term as leverage. This is the policy followed by Israel in its negotiations with Arab countries to this day.
Israel does not recognize the historical rights of Arabs in their lands; it wants the Golan Heights, Shebaa Farms, the West Bank, and Gaza. It continues to acquire lands it does not own by involving its military in the territories of some neighboring countries, supported by some Western nations. It follows a policy of imposing facts on the ground as a long-term strategy and does not want to recognize a Palestinian state or any rights for the Palestinian people. It aims to displace the Palestinian people from their lands; if they resist, it kills them cold-bloodedly, and during this bloodshed, it does not differentiate between man and woman, elder and child, or soldier and civilian.
It is clear that Israel is very eager to reclaim the Palestinian territories administered by the Palestinian Authority under the Oslo Accords. Aside from the encroachments of extremist settlers on the people of the West Bank, whom the Israeli authorities themselves arm to intimidate and attack Palestinians whenever circumstances allow, it is building many settlements there and relocating many Israelis to live in them. Thus, it is able to gradually change the Palestinian identity and replace it with the Israeli identity until all Palestinian lands are annexed to the State of Israel.
Israel claims to be very keen on conducting serious and constructive peace negotiations with the Arabs. Here, the concept of peace that Israel means becomes clear; it is the kind of peace where it wants to take everything in exchange for nothing given to the Palestinians. It completely denies the Palestinians' right to obtain their rights, denying all their rights, the most important of which is their right to have a state recognized internationally in their name.


