يؤسس النظام الديمقراطي، أي نظام ديمقراطي، شرعيته السياسية على إرادة الأغلبية، التي تُحسب كمياً، بتأييد وموافقة الجماعة السياسية، بالحصول على الأغلبية المطلقة (٥٠%+١) ممن يسمح لهم القانون بالمشاركة السياسية، إما لاختيار رموز السلطة السياسية الحاكمة.. أو كما هو في حالة الاستفتاء لعمل دستور جديد أو إجراء تعديلات على دستور قائم. في النهاية: الاعتماد على هذا المعيار، لا غيره، لتحديد رموز السلطة السياسية الحاكمة، دونما حاجة للتأكد من تمثيل هذه النخبة (المُنْتَخَبَة)، تمثيلها فعلياً الأغلبية المطلقة، للمجتمع السياسي، لا يكفي لتحديد وقياس توجه الإرادة العامة.
على سبيل المثال: لا يُحسب هنا من غاب عن الانتخابات، ولا لماذا غاب عنها.. كما لا يُحسب هنا من كانت أوراقهم باطلة، بموجب قانون الانتخابات، ولا من بلغوا السن القانونية، وفاتتهم المدة المحددة للتصويت، لأي سبب ما... كما لا يُحسب من فاتهم التصويت لأسباب خارجة عن إرادتهم، كعدم ملاءمة ظروف الطقس يوم الانتخاب.. أو البعد عن مراكز الاقتراع، يوم التصويت.. ومن لم تسمح له ظروف عمله المهنية...إلخ. نحن نتكلم هنا عن ظروف مادية تشكك في نتيجة أي انتخابات عامة أو جهوية، ولم نتطرق إلى أي ظروف مفتعلة، كعمليات التزوير، بغرض الوصول إلى نتيجة محددة تخرج بها عملية التصويت.
في النهاية، هنا: نجد أن الديمقراطية تفشل في تحقيق التأكد من أن هذا المتغير الكمي لقياس شرعية الديمقراطية، وبالتبعية، شرعية النخبة الحاكمة، يعكس بدقة حقيقة الإرادة العامة. جدلٌ كثيراً ما يُتحجج به من قبل المناوئين للديمقراطية، كون آليتها تعكس الإرادة العامة للمجتمع السياسي.
لكن، بالرغم من هذا الخلل المنهجي في فكرة وآلية الديمقراطية، كأفضل وسيلة للتعرّف أين تتجه الإرادة العامة، من خلال حساب أصوات الناخبين كمياً، التي عادةً ما تظهر عند الاعتراض على نتيجة الانتخابات، تبقى لدينا جوانب سياسية وقِيَمِيّة، يجادل بها نقاد النظرية الديمقراطية. أنصار الديمقراطية كثيراً ما يجادلون أنها تعكس الإرادة العامة، بدليل أنه يتولد عن الأخذ بها استقرار سياسي مستدام، بقدرتها معرفة توجه الإرادة العامة، لتحديد شرعية النخب الحاكمة.. وأن صوتاً واحداً، يكفي فقط، لمعرفة أين تتجه الإرادة العامة.
صحيح أن صوتاً واحداً يحدد توجه الإرادة العامة، كمياً، لكن عامل الاستقرار هنا راجع للخريطة التعددية للمجتمع السياسي، في المقام الأول، لا بسبب دقة المعيار الكمي لمعرفة توجه الإرادة العامة. كما أن الاستقرار السياسي في مجتمعات الشمال العريقة ديمقراطياً يرجع لتركيبة التعددية السياسية بها، حيث تسود تاريخياً كتل سكانية بعينها، مع تهميش بقية مكونات المجتمع السياسي. في حقيقة الأمر المنافسة بين الأحزاب السياسية، في الدول الديمقراطية، بين الليبراليين والديمقراطيين والمحافظين والاشتراكيين، إنما تحصر العملية الديمقراطية بين هذه القوى في مجتمع هو في الأساس مجتمع أغلبية، ولا يمثل المجتمع في كلياته. بينما بقية المجتمع السياسي (الأقلية الحقيقية)، ليس لها في العملية الديمقراطية لا ناقة ولا جمل.
عندما تختل توازنات المجتمع السياسي، الذي تُحسب فيه الإرادة العامة كمياً، بأن تفقد الأغلبية الواقعية تمثيلها الغالب في المجتمع السياسي عددياً، ومع الوقت تتسع مساحة الأقلية الحقيقية عددياً، ليقل الفارق بينهما، هنا يحصل الانشقاق الحقيقي في المجتمع، ولم تعد الديمقراطية تمثّل ضماناً سياسياً وأمنياً حقيقياً لسيادة الأغلبية الحقيقية في المجتمع، ليبدأ الصراع السياسي يسفر عن وجهه العنيف.
هذا ما يحصل هذه الأيام في الولايات المتحدة من صراع عنيف بين فئات المجتمع المختلفة ضمن تعددية سياسية، في حقيقة الأمر لا تعكس منافسة حقيقية واضحة تحكم المنافسة السياسية الموضوعية بين أطياف الخريطة السياسية، داخل المجتمع الأمريكي.
لأكثر من ٢٥ قرناً، كان المجتمع الأمريكي خلالها ينعم باستقرار، بسيادة أغلبية قائمة من البيض الأنجلوساكسون البروتستانت، الذين يتكلمون اللغة الإنجليزية، تبدو أنها أغلبية متسامحة سياسياً، طالما أنها تمثل نسبة مريحة من أغلبية المجتمع الأمريكي تصل إلى ٧٠%، بينما هناك ما يقرب من ٣٠% تُعتبر أقلية مهمشة، ولا نقول مضطهدة، تنعم إلى حدٍ كبير بالحقوق والحريات في ظل أغلبية كاسحة. فعندما بدأت توازنات التعددية السياسية (التقليدية)، بتقليص نسبة البيض إلى ما يقرب من ٥٧% كما هو الحال الآن، بدأت الديمقراطية الأمريكية تكشر عن أنيابها «الأتوقراطية»، خوفاً على ضياع تميزها السياسي (الكاسح). نفس مأساة الديمقراطية هذه نجدها في دول أخرى، تزعم أنها ديمقراطية، مثل: الهند، وإسرائيل.
الأحداث العنيفة التي تشهدها العديد من المدن الأمريكية، هذه الأيام، تجد تفسيرها في التراكمات المتراكبة والمركبة، التي ظلت تتفاعل منذ عقود، في مجتمع يقوم أساساً على المهاجرين القادمين من الخارج، وليس بالتوالد الطبيعي من الداخل، مثل كثير من دول العالم، خاصة في العالم القديم.
معضلة الديمقراطية الأساسية ليس كونها نظاماً سياسياً يمكن أن يأتي بسلطة سياسية «أتوقراطية»، لكن أيضاً: بإنتاج «تعددية سياسية أوتوقراطية»، تجازف بالمساومة على «القيم الديمقراطية» لترتمي في أحضان «أوتوقراطية طبقية مستبدة».
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The democratic system, any democratic system, establishes its political legitimacy on the will of the majority, which is quantitatively measured by the support and approval of the political group, by obtaining an absolute majority (50% + 1) of those permitted by law to participate politically, either to choose the symbols of the ruling political authority... or as is the case in a referendum to create a new constitution or make amendments to an existing constitution. In the end: relying on this criterion, and nothing else, to determine the symbols of the ruling political authority, without the need to ensure that this elite (the elected) truly represents the absolute majority of the political community, is not sufficient to determine and measure the direction of the public will.
For example: those who were absent from the elections are not counted here, nor is the reason for their absence considered... nor are those whose ballots were invalidated under election law counted, nor those who reached the legal voting age but missed the specified voting period for any reason... nor are those who missed voting for reasons beyond their control, such as unfavorable weather conditions on election day... or distance from polling stations on voting day... or those whose professional circumstances did not allow them... etc. We are talking here about material conditions that cast doubt on the results of any public or regional elections, and we have not touched on any fabricated circumstances, such as fraud, aimed at achieving a specific outcome from the voting process.
In the end, here: we find that democracy fails to ensure that this quantitative variable for measuring the legitimacy of democracy, and consequently, the legitimacy of the ruling elite, accurately reflects the reality of the public will. This is a debate often used by opponents of democracy, as its mechanism reflects the public will of the political community.
However, despite this systematic flaw in the idea and mechanism of democracy as the best means to identify where the public will is headed, through quantitatively counting voters' votes, which usually appears when objections are raised against election results, we still have political and value aspects that critics of democratic theory argue about. Proponents of democracy often argue that it reflects the public will, evidenced by the sustainable political stability that arises from its adoption, with its ability to discern the direction of the public will to determine the legitimacy of the ruling elites... and that a single vote is sufficient to know where the public will is headed.
It is true that a single vote quantitatively determines the direction of the public will, but the factor of stability here is primarily due to the pluralistic map of the political community, not because of the accuracy of the quantitative criterion for knowing the direction of the public will. Moreover, political stability in the historically democratic northern societies is attributed to the composition of political pluralism within them, where specific population blocks have historically prevailed, marginalizing the rest of the components of the political community. In fact, the competition between political parties in democratic countries, among liberals, democrats, conservatives, and socialists, confines the democratic process within these forces in a society that is fundamentally a majority society, and does not represent the society as a whole. Meanwhile, the rest of the political community (the real minority) has no stake in the democratic process whatsoever.
When the balances of the political community, in which the public will is quantitatively measured, become skewed, such that the actual majority loses its dominant representation in the political community numerically, and over time the space for the real minority expands numerically, reducing the gap between them, a real schism occurs in society, and democracy no longer represents a genuine political and security guarantee for the sovereignty of the real majority in society, leading to political conflict revealing its violent face.
This is what is happening these days in the United States, with violent conflict among different segments of society within a political pluralism that, in reality, does not reflect a clear, genuine competition governing the objective political competition among the spectrums of the political map within American society.
For more than 25 centuries, the American society enjoyed stability, dominated by a majority of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants who speak English, seemingly a politically tolerant majority, as long as they represent a comfortable percentage of the American society reaching 70%, while nearly 30% are considered a marginalized minority, and we do not say oppressed, largely enjoying rights and freedoms under a sweeping majority. So, when the balances of traditional political pluralism began to reduce the percentage of whites to about 57%, as is the case now, American democracy began to show its "autocratic" fangs, fearing the loss of its political distinction (overwhelming). The same tragedy of democracy can be found in other countries that claim to be democratic, such as India and Israel.
The violent events currently witnessed in many American cities find their explanation in the compounded and layered accumulations that have been interacting for decades, in a society fundamentally based on immigrants coming from abroad, rather than natural reproduction from within, as is the case in many countries around the world, especially in the ancient world.
The fundamental dilemma of democracy is not that it is a political system that can bring about an "autocratic" political authority, but also: by producing an "autocratic political pluralism" that risks compromising "democratic values" to fall into the embrace of a "class-based oppressive autocracy."
For example: those who were absent from the elections are not counted here, nor is the reason for their absence considered... nor are those whose ballots were invalidated under election law counted, nor those who reached the legal voting age but missed the specified voting period for any reason... nor are those who missed voting for reasons beyond their control, such as unfavorable weather conditions on election day... or distance from polling stations on voting day... or those whose professional circumstances did not allow them... etc. We are talking here about material conditions that cast doubt on the results of any public or regional elections, and we have not touched on any fabricated circumstances, such as fraud, aimed at achieving a specific outcome from the voting process.
In the end, here: we find that democracy fails to ensure that this quantitative variable for measuring the legitimacy of democracy, and consequently, the legitimacy of the ruling elite, accurately reflects the reality of the public will. This is a debate often used by opponents of democracy, as its mechanism reflects the public will of the political community.
However, despite this systematic flaw in the idea and mechanism of democracy as the best means to identify where the public will is headed, through quantitatively counting voters' votes, which usually appears when objections are raised against election results, we still have political and value aspects that critics of democratic theory argue about. Proponents of democracy often argue that it reflects the public will, evidenced by the sustainable political stability that arises from its adoption, with its ability to discern the direction of the public will to determine the legitimacy of the ruling elites... and that a single vote is sufficient to know where the public will is headed.
It is true that a single vote quantitatively determines the direction of the public will, but the factor of stability here is primarily due to the pluralistic map of the political community, not because of the accuracy of the quantitative criterion for knowing the direction of the public will. Moreover, political stability in the historically democratic northern societies is attributed to the composition of political pluralism within them, where specific population blocks have historically prevailed, marginalizing the rest of the components of the political community. In fact, the competition between political parties in democratic countries, among liberals, democrats, conservatives, and socialists, confines the democratic process within these forces in a society that is fundamentally a majority society, and does not represent the society as a whole. Meanwhile, the rest of the political community (the real minority) has no stake in the democratic process whatsoever.
When the balances of the political community, in which the public will is quantitatively measured, become skewed, such that the actual majority loses its dominant representation in the political community numerically, and over time the space for the real minority expands numerically, reducing the gap between them, a real schism occurs in society, and democracy no longer represents a genuine political and security guarantee for the sovereignty of the real majority in society, leading to political conflict revealing its violent face.
This is what is happening these days in the United States, with violent conflict among different segments of society within a political pluralism that, in reality, does not reflect a clear, genuine competition governing the objective political competition among the spectrums of the political map within American society.
For more than 25 centuries, the American society enjoyed stability, dominated by a majority of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants who speak English, seemingly a politically tolerant majority, as long as they represent a comfortable percentage of the American society reaching 70%, while nearly 30% are considered a marginalized minority, and we do not say oppressed, largely enjoying rights and freedoms under a sweeping majority. So, when the balances of traditional political pluralism began to reduce the percentage of whites to about 57%, as is the case now, American democracy began to show its "autocratic" fangs, fearing the loss of its political distinction (overwhelming). The same tragedy of democracy can be found in other countries that claim to be democratic, such as India and Israel.
The violent events currently witnessed in many American cities find their explanation in the compounded and layered accumulations that have been interacting for decades, in a society fundamentally based on immigrants coming from abroad, rather than natural reproduction from within, as is the case in many countries around the world, especially in the ancient world.
The fundamental dilemma of democracy is not that it is a political system that can bring about an "autocratic" political authority, but also: by producing an "autocratic political pluralism" that risks compromising "democratic values" to fall into the embrace of a "class-based oppressive autocracy."


