تعود العقوبات في سورية إلى فترة حافظ الأسد، حيث فرضت الولايات المتحدة أولى عقوباتها على سوريا في ديسمبر من العام 1979، عندما أدرجتها على قائمة الدول الراعية للإرهاب، بسبب دعم دمشق المعلن لبعض فصائل المقاومة الفلسطينية وتدخلها العسكري في لبنان.
وتلا ذلك موجتان من العقوبات الأمريكية خاصة والغربية عامة؛ الأولى إبان حكم الرئيس جورج دبليو بوش، حيث أقرت إدارته قانون «محاسبة سوريا واستعادة السيادة اللبنانية»، وذلك في العام 2003، ودخل القرار حيز التنفيذ في شهر مايو من العام الذي تلاه، وكان القانون يهدف إلى إخراج الجيش السوري من لبنان.
الموجة الأخيرة أعقبت العام 2011، واستمرت العقوبات في التزايد مع كل جرائم من نظام بشار الأسد ضد شعبه، وصولاً إلى قانون قيصر الذي عد ذروة سنام العقوبات، والذي أقر في العام 2019 من الكونجرس الأمريكي لمعاقبة الأفراد والكيانات الداعمه للأسد.
وهذا التعقيد في العقوبات والتراكم بين عقوبات سنها الكونجرس الأمريكي، أو تلكم التي كتبت كأوامر تنفيذية للرئيس، يعد دلالة على أهمية الخطوة التي قامت بها المملكة خلال زيارة الرئيس الأمريكي ترمب للرياض منتصف الشهر الماضي، وهو دلالة أخرى على ثقل المملكة الإقليمي والدولي وكيف أصبح العالم بشكل متزايد ينظر للرياض كمساهم رئيسي في الاستقرار العالمي.
كما أن هذه الخطوة كانت دلالة على التنسيق السعودي التركي الكبير، وهو ما لا يقتصر على العلاقات مع تركيا، فنشهد أيضاً تطوراً متزايداً في العلاقات السعودية الإيرانية، وحرص المملكة الواضح على حل دبلوماسي مع طهران، وتجنب الخيارات العسكرية.
ولا أدل على ذلك من زيارة سمو وزير الدفاع الأمير خالد بن سلمان لطهران، وعقد عدة اجتماعات، ولقاء المرشد الأعلى وتسليمه رسالة من خادم الحرمين الشريفين، ونشهد كذلك هذه الأيام تدفق الحجيج من إيران، ضمن حجاج هذا العام من كافة أنحاء العالم.
وبالطبع عملت المملكة على عدة مبادرات لتحقيق الاستقرار العالمي، ومن ضمنها الوساطة الأشهر بين موسكو وكييف، بالإضافة إلى مساعي تهدئة بين باكستان والهند، بعد اشتعال سريع ومخيف على مستوى صراع بين دولتين نوويتين.
وإذا نظرنا إلى الصراع الفلسطيني الإسرائيلي، الذي تجاوزت فيه المكينة الإسرائيلية حدود المنطق وقواعد الإنسانية، نشهد جهوداً على المستوى الإستراتيجي وبالتنسيق مع عدة أطراف، من ضمنها الولايات المتحدة وفرنسا، لإيجاد حل مستدام لهذا الصراع، وهو الأمر الذي ليس له عنوان إلا حل الدولتين.
حيث أطلقت فرنسا والسعودية، باجتماعين متوازيين في باريس ونيويورك، قبل أيام، زخم التحضيرات لمؤتمر حل الدولتين المفترض أن تستضيفه الأمم المتحدة ما بين 17 و20 يونيو الجاري، ويبدو أن دولاً أوروبية جديدة تبدو أقرب من ذي قبل للاعتراف بالدولة الفلسطينية وعلى رأسها فرنسا.
فرغم المأساة الإنسانية التي يشهدها الوضع الفلسطيني وخاصة في غزة، رأت المملكة فرصة لحل مستدام يضمن حقوق الشعب الفلسطيني، ويحقق لهم دولة يستحقونها، عملاً بقاعدة «ليس القوي من يكسب الحرب دائماً، وإنما الضعيف من يخسر السلام دائماً».
عبدالرحمن الطريري
السعودية القادرة على صنع السلام
2 يونيو 2025 - 00:04
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آخر تحديث 2 يونيو 2025 - 00:04
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
The sanctions in Syria date back to the era of Hafez al-Assad, when the United States imposed its first sanctions on Syria in December 1979, by placing it on the list of state sponsors of terrorism, due to Damascus's declared support for certain Palestinian resistance factions and its military intervention in Lebanon.
This was followed by two waves of American sanctions specifically and Western sanctions in general; the first during the presidency of George W. Bush, when his administration enacted the "Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act" in 2003, which came into effect in May of the following year. The law aimed to remove the Syrian army from Lebanon.
The latest wave followed the year 2011, and the sanctions continued to increase with every crime committed by Bashar al-Assad's regime against his people, culminating in the Caesar Act, which was considered the peak of sanctions, enacted in 2019 by the U.S. Congress to punish individuals and entities supporting Assad.
This complexity in sanctions and the accumulation of those enacted by the U.S. Congress, or those written as executive orders by the president, indicates the significance of the step taken by the Kingdom during U.S. President Trump's visit to Riyadh in mid-last month, which is another indication of the Kingdom's regional and international weight and how the world is increasingly viewing Riyadh as a major contributor to global stability.
This step also signified the significant Saudi-Turkish coordination, which is not limited to relations with Turkey, as we also witness increasing development in Saudi-Iranian relations, and the Kingdom's clear desire for a diplomatic solution with Tehran, avoiding military options.
There is no clearer example of this than the visit of His Royal Highness Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman to Tehran, where he held several meetings, including with the Supreme Leader, delivering a message from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. We are also witnessing the flow of pilgrims from Iran these days, among this year's pilgrims from all over the world.
Of course, the Kingdom has worked on several initiatives to achieve global stability, including the most famous mediation between Moscow and Kyiv, in addition to efforts to calm tensions between Pakistan and India, following a rapid and alarming escalation in the conflict between two nuclear states.
If we look at the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, where the Israeli machinery has exceeded the limits of logic and humanitarian norms, we see efforts at the strategic level, coordinated with several parties, including the United States and France, to find a sustainable solution to this conflict, which can only be titled the two-state solution.
France and Saudi Arabia launched, in parallel meetings in Paris and New York a few days ago, the momentum for preparations for the two-state solution conference that the United Nations is expected to host between June 17 and 20 this year, and it seems that new European countries appear closer than before to recognizing the Palestinian state, with France at the forefront.
Despite the humanitarian tragedy experienced by the Palestinian situation, especially in Gaza, the Kingdom saw an opportunity for a sustainable solution that guarantees the rights of the Palestinian people and achieves for them a state they deserve, adhering to the principle that "the strong does not always win the war, but the weak always loses the peace."
This was followed by two waves of American sanctions specifically and Western sanctions in general; the first during the presidency of George W. Bush, when his administration enacted the "Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act" in 2003, which came into effect in May of the following year. The law aimed to remove the Syrian army from Lebanon.
The latest wave followed the year 2011, and the sanctions continued to increase with every crime committed by Bashar al-Assad's regime against his people, culminating in the Caesar Act, which was considered the peak of sanctions, enacted in 2019 by the U.S. Congress to punish individuals and entities supporting Assad.
This complexity in sanctions and the accumulation of those enacted by the U.S. Congress, or those written as executive orders by the president, indicates the significance of the step taken by the Kingdom during U.S. President Trump's visit to Riyadh in mid-last month, which is another indication of the Kingdom's regional and international weight and how the world is increasingly viewing Riyadh as a major contributor to global stability.
This step also signified the significant Saudi-Turkish coordination, which is not limited to relations with Turkey, as we also witness increasing development in Saudi-Iranian relations, and the Kingdom's clear desire for a diplomatic solution with Tehran, avoiding military options.
There is no clearer example of this than the visit of His Royal Highness Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman to Tehran, where he held several meetings, including with the Supreme Leader, delivering a message from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. We are also witnessing the flow of pilgrims from Iran these days, among this year's pilgrims from all over the world.
Of course, the Kingdom has worked on several initiatives to achieve global stability, including the most famous mediation between Moscow and Kyiv, in addition to efforts to calm tensions between Pakistan and India, following a rapid and alarming escalation in the conflict between two nuclear states.
If we look at the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, where the Israeli machinery has exceeded the limits of logic and humanitarian norms, we see efforts at the strategic level, coordinated with several parties, including the United States and France, to find a sustainable solution to this conflict, which can only be titled the two-state solution.
France and Saudi Arabia launched, in parallel meetings in Paris and New York a few days ago, the momentum for preparations for the two-state solution conference that the United Nations is expected to host between June 17 and 20 this year, and it seems that new European countries appear closer than before to recognizing the Palestinian state, with France at the forefront.
Despite the humanitarian tragedy experienced by the Palestinian situation, especially in Gaza, the Kingdom saw an opportunity for a sustainable solution that guarantees the rights of the Palestinian people and achieves for them a state they deserve, adhering to the principle that "the strong does not always win the war, but the weak always loses the peace."


