«يصحيك الزمان اللي يصحي كل من نامي»، عجز بيت لسعد بن جدلان -رحمه الله، ذكر فيه وظيفة من وظائف الزمن، الزمان كفيل بإفاقة كل من غفل، وفي صدر البيت يذكر الوقت أيضاً، بأنه يفيق الغافل من غفلته والنائم من نومه، عندما قال «مصير الوقت يشرح لك ظروفه لو غفلت ونمت، يصحيك الزمان اللي يصحي كل من نامي»، عجيب هو الزمن، ليس بمعناه النفسي عند ابن جدلان بل بسلوكه.
كيف بدأ الزمن؟
تخلصت نظرية الجاذبية من المكان المطلق، فصار يمكن حساب المسافة والتنبؤ بالحركة، وتخلصت النسبية من الزمان المطلق، كاد الفرنسي (هنري بونكاريه) أن يكتشف النسبية قبل (آينشتاين) لكنه لم يتصور الزمان الحر، بل ظلت حساباته عند الزمن المطلق وذلك بثبات الراصد الذي يراقب الحدث، بينما لمعت العبقرية عند آينشتاين فقال: «لماذا لا نحرك الراصد؟ سيختلف الزمان باختلاف اتجاه الراصد وسرعته».
تمر بنا ظروف صعبة في هذه الحياة، وننتظر الزمن الذي يأتي بالأعاجيب فتنفك كربتنا ويأتي الفرج أو ننسى. هذا السلوك العجيب الذي يحدث لنا بفعل الزمن من خلال انتظار ما يأتي به المستقبل. كيف لو ذهبنا للمستقبل ورأينا الفرج؟ أو رأينا استجابة الله لدعوة المظلوم؟ أو رأينا أنفسنا ونحن ننسى الألم ونمضي في الحياة عبر خط الزمن من الماضي إلى الحاضر في انتظار المستقبل؟
سألني صديقي: ما هو أغرب شيء في هذه الحياة التي نعيشها؟ لم أتردد كي أفكر في إجابة، أجبت مباشرة: الزمن، ما زال الزمن محيراً حتى لعلماء الفيزياء الكمية وفيزياء الفلك، كي يفهم العلماء الزمن؟ يجب أن تتوحد ثلاث نظريات في معادلة رياضية واحدة، وهذه أحجية صعبة جداً، لا بد من أن تتوحد فيزياء الجاذبية وفيزياء الكم وفيزياء الدينميكا الحرارية في معادلة رياضية واحدة. كون الأحداث تنتقل عبر الضوء، وكون الضوء يتكون من حبيبات صغيرة تسمى فوتونات، شكلت هذه الفوتونات عائقاً محيراً كي يفسر العلماء سلوكها، تارة تظهر كجسيم وتارة تسلك سلوك الموجة.
وانقسم العلماء إلى قسمين، جاء العبقري (آينشتاين) وقال قولته الشهيرة التي أكسبته جائزة نوبل: الفوتون هو جسيم وموجة في نفس الوقت ويمضي الفوتون ويعبر كدفقات «أكمام». كان هناك وقتها فريق من علماء الفيزياء واقع في حيرة أيضاً، لأن هناك جسيماً غريباً اسمه (الإلكترون) محير أيضاً. عندما توصّل (آينشتاين) لتفسير سلوك الفوتون المزدوج قام (بول ديراك) أحد أفراد ذلك الفريق وقال: ما ينطبق على الفوتون ينطبق على الإلكترون فهو موجة وجسيم في نفس الوقت ويعبر كدفقات (أكمام).
تفسير الجاذبية في النسبية العامة لـ(آينشتاين) جعل للزمن تفسيراً آخر، ظلت حركة كوكب عطارد القريب من الشمس محيرة، فلم تستطع جاذبية نيوتن التنبؤ بها، في كل مرة تفشل، لكن جاذبيته استطاعت التنبؤ وقياس انحناء الزمن الذي تسببه كتلة الشمس الكبيرة.
كتلة الشمس الكبيرة تقع على نسيج الزمان والمكان (الزمكان)، فينحني النسيج، ومع ذلك الانحناء تدور الكواكب حول الشمس، وكلما كان الكوكب قريباً من الشمس بفعل قربه من الانحناء تزداد سرعته.
تنبأت النسبية العامة بأن الضوء العابر بالقرب من الشمس سوف ينحني ولن يمر بخط مستقيم، وصدقت تلك التنبؤات وقيس ذلك الانحناء مع نهاية الحرب العالمية الأولى عام 1919.
هل للزمان دماغ يفكر به وله حرية الاختيار؟
تجربة الشق والشقين الشهيرة، تجعلنا في حيرة من أمرنا للإجابة عن هذا السؤال، إذا أطلق فوتون على لوح به شقّان فإنه يسلك سلوك الموجة،
وإذا أطلق الفوتون على لوح به شق واحد فإنه يسلك سلوك جسيم ويعبر عبر الشق كدفقات (أكمام)، لو أطلق الفوتون على لوح به شقّان أحدهما مغلق والآخر مفتوح، ثم فتح الشق المغلق بعد إطلاق الفوتون فإن الفوتون يسلك سلوك الموجة، بالرغم من أنه أطلق وفي اللوح شق واحد، وهكذا يفعل الإلكترون. أجريت تجربة على الإلكترون وذلك بفتح الشق المغلق بعد عبور الإلكترون من الشق المفتوح، كانت النتيجة مذهلة، يستدير الإلكترون للوراء، للماضي الذي عبر منه بعد أن عبر الشق كجسيم ويعود للماضي، ويعدل شكله إلى موجة ويعبر من الشقين كموجة.
كيف لو امتلكنا هذه الخاصية، نعود للماضي ونصحح أخطاءنا الفادحة التي ارتكبناها بحق أنفسنا، أو بحق آخرين.
كان هذا السؤال مطروحاً بعد أن وقع العلماء في حيرة الزمان الذي ارتبط بالمكان، والمكان الذي تحول لنقاط الجاذبية، هل يستطيع الإنسان السفر للماضي؟ فلو سافر إنسان للماضي ليقابل جده السادس وقتله قبل أن يتزوج وينجب جده الخامس، هل هذا الخيار ممكن؟ سيموت هو على الفور لأن جده الخامس لم يكن بعد في الماضي، فكيف سيكون؟ لكن العلماء ومن خلال الحيرة التي أوقعهم فيها الزمن، قالوا إن الإنسان قد يستطيع السفر للمستقبل، أما الماضي فمستحيل.
آينشتاين وابن جدلان
10 أكتوبر 2025 - 03:24
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آخر تحديث 10 أكتوبر 2025 - 03:24
محمد الحارثي
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
محمد حمد الحارثي
"The time awakens you that awakens everyone who sleeps," is a verse by Saad bin Jidlan - may God have mercy on him, in which he mentions one of the functions of time. Time is capable of awakening everyone who is heedless, and in the beginning of the verse, he also mentions that time awakens the heedless from their heedlessness and the sleeper from their sleep, when he said, "The fate of time explains its circumstances if you are heedless and asleep; the time awakens you that awakens everyone who sleeps." Time is indeed amazing, not in its psychological meaning according to Ibn Jidlan, but in its behavior.
How did time begin?
The theory of gravity has freed itself from absolute space, allowing for the calculation of distance and the prediction of movement. Relativity has freed itself from absolute time; the Frenchman (Henri Poincaré) nearly discovered relativity before (Einstein), but he did not conceive of free time. His calculations remained within the realm of absolute time, based on the observer's fixed position monitoring the event, while Einstein's genius shone through when he said: "Why don't we move the observer? Time will differ based on the observer's direction and speed."
We go through difficult circumstances in this life, and we await the time that brings wonders, so our distress is relieved, and relief comes, or we forget. This strange behavior that happens to us due to time through waiting for what the future holds. What if we went to the future and saw the relief? Or saw God's response to the prayer of the oppressed? Or saw ourselves forgetting the pain and moving through life along the timeline from the past to the present while waiting for the future?
A friend asked me: What is the strangest thing in this life we live? I did not hesitate to think of an answer; I replied immediately: Time. Time remains puzzling even to quantum physicists and astrophysicists. For scientists to understand time, three theories must unite in a single mathematical equation, which is a very difficult riddle. The physics of gravity, quantum physics, and thermodynamics must unify in a single mathematical equation. Since events travel through light, and light is made up of tiny particles called photons, these photons have posed a puzzling barrier for scientists to explain their behavior, sometimes appearing as particles and other times behaving like waves.
Scientists divided into two camps. The genius (Einstein) came and said his famous quote that earned him the Nobel Prize: the photon is both a particle and a wave at the same time, and the photon moves and crosses as bursts "like sleeves." At that time, there was a team of physicists who were also puzzled because there was a strange particle called the (electron) that was also perplexing. When (Einstein) reached an explanation for the dual behavior of the photon, (Paul Dirac), one of the members of that team, said: What applies to the photon applies to the electron; it is both a wave and a particle at the same time and crosses as bursts (like sleeves).
Einstein's explanation of gravity in general relativity gave time another interpretation. The movement of the planet Mercury, which is close to the sun, remained puzzling; Newton's gravity could not predict it, failing every time. However, his gravity was able to predict and measure the curvature of time caused by the sun's massive mass.
The sun's massive mass lies on the fabric of time and space (spacetime), causing the fabric to curve, and with that curvature, the planets orbit around the sun. The closer a planet is to the sun, due to its proximity to the curvature, the faster it moves.
General relativity predicted that light passing near the sun would bend and not travel in a straight line, and those predictions were confirmed and measured at the end of World War I in 1919.
Does time have a brain that thinks and has the freedom of choice?
The famous double-slit experiment leaves us puzzled in answering this question. If a photon is fired at a plate with two slits, it behaves like a wave,
and if the photon is fired at a plate with one slit, it behaves like a particle and passes through the slit as bursts (like sleeves). If the photon is fired at a plate with two slits, one closed and the other open, and then the closed slit is opened after the photon is fired, the photon behaves like a wave, even though it was fired when there was only one slit on the plate. The same goes for the electron. An experiment was conducted on the electron by opening the closed slit after the electron passed through the open slit, and the result was astonishing: the electron turns back to the past it came from after it passed through the slit as a particle and returns to the past, changing its form to a wave and passing through both slits as a wave.
What if we possessed this property, returning to the past and correcting the grave mistakes we made against ourselves or against others?
This question arose after scientists found themselves puzzled by the time that was linked to space, and the space that turned into points of gravity. Can a person travel to the past? If a person traveled to the past to meet his sixth grandfather and killed him before he married and had his fifth grandfather, is this option possible? He would die immediately because his fifth grandfather was not yet in the past, so how would that be? However, scientists, through the confusion that time has caused them, said that a person might be able to travel to the future, but the past is impossible.
How did time begin?
The theory of gravity has freed itself from absolute space, allowing for the calculation of distance and the prediction of movement. Relativity has freed itself from absolute time; the Frenchman (Henri Poincaré) nearly discovered relativity before (Einstein), but he did not conceive of free time. His calculations remained within the realm of absolute time, based on the observer's fixed position monitoring the event, while Einstein's genius shone through when he said: "Why don't we move the observer? Time will differ based on the observer's direction and speed."
We go through difficult circumstances in this life, and we await the time that brings wonders, so our distress is relieved, and relief comes, or we forget. This strange behavior that happens to us due to time through waiting for what the future holds. What if we went to the future and saw the relief? Or saw God's response to the prayer of the oppressed? Or saw ourselves forgetting the pain and moving through life along the timeline from the past to the present while waiting for the future?
A friend asked me: What is the strangest thing in this life we live? I did not hesitate to think of an answer; I replied immediately: Time. Time remains puzzling even to quantum physicists and astrophysicists. For scientists to understand time, three theories must unite in a single mathematical equation, which is a very difficult riddle. The physics of gravity, quantum physics, and thermodynamics must unify in a single mathematical equation. Since events travel through light, and light is made up of tiny particles called photons, these photons have posed a puzzling barrier for scientists to explain their behavior, sometimes appearing as particles and other times behaving like waves.
Scientists divided into two camps. The genius (Einstein) came and said his famous quote that earned him the Nobel Prize: the photon is both a particle and a wave at the same time, and the photon moves and crosses as bursts "like sleeves." At that time, there was a team of physicists who were also puzzled because there was a strange particle called the (electron) that was also perplexing. When (Einstein) reached an explanation for the dual behavior of the photon, (Paul Dirac), one of the members of that team, said: What applies to the photon applies to the electron; it is both a wave and a particle at the same time and crosses as bursts (like sleeves).
Einstein's explanation of gravity in general relativity gave time another interpretation. The movement of the planet Mercury, which is close to the sun, remained puzzling; Newton's gravity could not predict it, failing every time. However, his gravity was able to predict and measure the curvature of time caused by the sun's massive mass.
The sun's massive mass lies on the fabric of time and space (spacetime), causing the fabric to curve, and with that curvature, the planets orbit around the sun. The closer a planet is to the sun, due to its proximity to the curvature, the faster it moves.
General relativity predicted that light passing near the sun would bend and not travel in a straight line, and those predictions were confirmed and measured at the end of World War I in 1919.
Does time have a brain that thinks and has the freedom of choice?
The famous double-slit experiment leaves us puzzled in answering this question. If a photon is fired at a plate with two slits, it behaves like a wave,
and if the photon is fired at a plate with one slit, it behaves like a particle and passes through the slit as bursts (like sleeves). If the photon is fired at a plate with two slits, one closed and the other open, and then the closed slit is opened after the photon is fired, the photon behaves like a wave, even though it was fired when there was only one slit on the plate. The same goes for the electron. An experiment was conducted on the electron by opening the closed slit after the electron passed through the open slit, and the result was astonishing: the electron turns back to the past it came from after it passed through the slit as a particle and returns to the past, changing its form to a wave and passing through both slits as a wave.
What if we possessed this property, returning to the past and correcting the grave mistakes we made against ourselves or against others?
This question arose after scientists found themselves puzzled by the time that was linked to space, and the space that turned into points of gravity. Can a person travel to the past? If a person traveled to the past to meet his sixth grandfather and killed him before he married and had his fifth grandfather, is this option possible? He would die immediately because his fifth grandfather was not yet in the past, so how would that be? However, scientists, through the confusion that time has caused them, said that a person might be able to travel to the future, but the past is impossible.