ارتبط المقهى الثقافي في أذهان عشّاق الأدب، بالرموز الكتابية؛ الذين كانوا يؤثرون الالتقاء اليومي أو الأسبوعي في مساحة محايدة، يتبادلون فيها أخباراً وحكايات وقصصاً وقصائد، وفي القاهرة، وجدة والرياض، والمنامة، وبغداد، وعمّان، وبيروت، مقاهٍ ظهرت منها أصوات إبداعية، وربما لا تزال تجوب أجواء هذه المقاهي أصوات من راحوا، وتعود فكرة المقاهي الثقافية إلى رفاعة رافع الطهطاوي الذي عاد من رحلته الباريسية عام 1831م، وعقب نشره كتابه (تخليص الإبريز في تلخيص باريز) الذي ضمّنه بانوراما من الحياة الثقافية للعاصمة الفرنسية؛ التي كانت تضم مقاهيها أطيافاً فكرية وأدبية عدة أخرجت أفكاراً ونظريات ومدارس أدبية ونقدية.
ومن تسعفه الظروف والوقت بزيارة القاهرة، يلفت انتباهه في نهاية (كوبري فيصل) مقهى نصب تمثالاً للأديب نجيب محفوظ، مكتوب على بابه (الحرافيش) وهو عنوان إحدى روايات الكاتب (النوبلي)، ووصف الحرافيش أطلقه الفنان أحمد مظهر على مجموعة من الأدباء والفنانين الذين يحرص نجيب محفوظ على الالتقاء بهم أسبوعياً، وفي المقهى ركن لصاحب أولاد حارتنا، وثان للكاتب الساخر محمود السعدني، وثالث للشاعر بيرم التونسي، ورابع لصور كبار الفنانين منهم طلال مداح، أنجزتها ريشة رسام الكاريكاتير السوري حسن أدلبي.
فيما يعد (مقهى ريش) من أبرز المقاهي الثقافية والفكرية في مصر، إذ شهد عقد ندوات؛ نجيب محفوظ والعقاد وأمل دنقل، وزكي نجيب محمود، وفتحي غانم، ونجيب سرور، وصلاح جاهين.
وعرفت عروس البحر الأحمر (جدة) المقاهي الثقافية؛ ومنها مقهى (الدروبي) شرق المحكمة العامة في موقعها القديم، الذي كان يلتقي فيه الكاتب علي خالد الغامدي، بأصدقائه من الصحفيين والكُتّاب منهم محمد الفايدي، والمخرج عبدالله الرواس، وكذلك مقهى (الأبراج) الذي يلتقي فيه نخبة من الأدباء والإعلاميين والرياضيين والفنانين التشكيليين والشعراء الشعبيين.
وفي بغداد اشتهر (مقهى الزهاوي) الذي كان يكتب فيه مقالاته، ودارت فيه حوارات بينه وبين الرصافي، تولى زمامها أحمد حامد الصراف، وكانت كثيراً ما تنتهي بخروج الرصافي غاضباً، وانتقاله إلى مقهى (عارف أغا) الذي اتخذه مجلساً دائماً يحيط به أنصاره ومريدوه.
ونتساءل هنا في ظلّ تزايد مدّ مقاهي الـ(coffee shop) هل سيبقى للمقهى الثقافي حضوره التاريخي؟ وينجح في مقاومة الاجتياح بشيء من عبق الماضي؟ هذا ما نؤمّله خصوصاً أن مبادرة الشريك الأدبي، تحاول أن تجعل منها مساحة للوعي والتثقيف المجتمعي، وهنا استطلاع لآراء عدد من الأدباء لاستشراف مستقبل (الظاهرة) التي تجنح شمسها نحو المغيب.
فيرى الشاعر علي عطا، أن المقهى الثقافي اليوم، يختلف إلى حد كبير عما كان عليه في السابق، إذ من النادر أن تجد بين رواده وجوهاً معروفة ومؤثرة، ما جعل النقاشات الأدبية تتوارى في رداء الأوضاع السياسية، موضحاً أن (مقهى ريش) سبق إغلاقه لمدة تزيد على عشرة أعوام، واستأنف نشاطه على نحو يتحاشى من خلاله أن يكون جاذباً لحرافيش المثقفين ممن لا يعجبهم العجب، وتحول إلى مطعم ومشرب سياحي بأسعار تفوق قدرات هؤلاء المشاغبين، لافتاً إلى أن مقهى (زهرة البستان) لا يزال يقدم المشروبات بأسعار في المتناول، لذا يقصده مئات الشباب والعجائز على مدار الساعة، إلا أن غالبيتهم من أدعياء الثقافة والأدب، ويكاد يفقد صفته كمقهى ثقافي عتيد، وعزا ذلك إلى رواج التواصل الافتراضي، وأثر غياب ظاهرة المقاهي الثقافية في مصر، التي يرى أن دورها محصور في النميمة الاجتماعية أكثر من أي شيء آخر.
ويرى الناقد الدكتور أحمد القيسي، أنه على الرغم من أهمية الدور الذي اضطلعت به المقاهي الثقافية في المشهد الأدبي طوال القرن الماضي، فإن حضورها يتلاشى الآن، لتتبوأ رفوف ذكرى مرحلة جميلة، وإن زعم بعضهم استمرارها، وعارك الظروف من أجل بقائها بصورتها الكلاسيكية، إلا أن أثرها مفقود، كون تحولات المرحلة تقتضي التعامل مع معطياتها، والأخذ بكل ما تهيئه من ظروف، كون ظهور مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي أغنت عنها، وغدا اتصال الأدباء عبر مجموعات افتراضية، هو البديل الذي حل محل المقاهي، مؤكداً أن مبادرة الشريك الأدبي في الأعوام الأربعة الأخيرة أحيت الفكرة القديمة، وأعادت للمقاهي ذلك الوهج الثقافي الجميل بصورة وهيكلة تلائم المرحلة الجديدة، وعدّها ناجحةً في ذلك.
وذهب الروائي صبحي موسى، إلى أن المقاهي الثقافية كانت مَعْلَماً من معالم القاهرة، وأن القادمين من البلدان العربية أو الاجنبية، خصوصاً المنشغلين بالشأن الثقافي، يسألون أول ما يدخلون مصر عن مقاهيها الثقافية، ولا يشعرون أنه تم اعتمادهم مثقفين أو منشغلين بالثقافة إلا إذا نشأت بينهم وبين رواد المقاهي الثقافية صداقات وعلاقات وأواصر ود، ليتم تعميدهم واعتمادهم، مشيراً إلى التغيرات التي طرأت وأفقدت المقاهي وهجها السابق، وباتت وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي بديلاً مهما عنها وعن أشياء أخرى كما وصف، وتساءل موسى: ما الذي يدفع كاتباً لترك بيته ليجلس على المقهى طيلة اليوم، علماً أن بإمكانه أن يفعل كل ما كان يفعله على المقهى من البيت، ومن خلال شاشة هاتفه؟ لافتاً إلى أنه يمكن أن يقابل ويحكي مع كل أصدقائه عبر الماسنجر على الفيس، ويمكنه أن يعلّق أو يعقّب على كل ما يقولونه، وأن يدلي بدلوه في أي موضوع بمجرد سماعه له، ويتفاعل مع المتداخلين، ويتعرف على أصدقاء جدد، ويوثق علاقات ويربح معارف دائمة على نطاق أوسع وأكبر. وأضاف: وفي ظلّ غلاء المعيشة، وتكلفة الانتقال والجلوس والتورط في طلب مشاريب للأصدقاء والمحبين، مؤكداً أن غياب كثير من الأصدقاء بسبب الموت أو المرض أو العزلة، وظهور أجيال جديدة ترى وظيفة جديدة للمقهى، أسهم في التزهيد في المقهى بحكم سرعة إيقاع الحياة وانتهاء زمن التكافل.
كانت مسرحاً للندوات والحوارات منذ رفاعة الطهطاوي
المقاهي الثقافية تقاوم اجتياح الـ«coffee shop»
1 أغسطس 2025 - 02:45
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آخر تحديث 1 أغسطس 2025 - 02:45
تابع قناة عكاظ على الواتساب
علي الرباعي (الباحة) Al_ARobai@ طارق طلبة (القاهرة)
The cultural café is associated in the minds of literature lovers with literary figures; those who prefer daily or weekly meetings in a neutral space where they exchange news, stories, and poems. In Cairo, Jeddah, Riyadh, Manama, Baghdad, Amman, and Beirut, cafés have emerged from which creative voices have arisen, and perhaps the voices of those who have passed still roam the atmospheres of these cafés. The idea of cultural cafés dates back to Rifa'a al-Tahtawi, who returned from his Parisian journey in 1831, following the publication of his book (Takhlees al-Ibreez fi Talkhees Bareez) which included a panorama of the cultural life of the French capital; which housed cafés with various intellectual and literary spectrums that produced ideas, theories, and literary and critical schools.
For those who have the opportunity and time to visit Cairo, they will notice at the end of (Kobri Faisal) a café that has erected a statue of the writer Naguib Mahfouz, with the inscription (Al-Harafish) on its door, which is the title of one of the writer's (Nobel Prize-winning) novels. The term Al-Harafish was coined by the artist Ahmed Mazhar for a group of writers and artists whom Naguib Mahfouz meets weekly. In the café, there is a corner for the author of "Awlad Haratina," another for the satirical writer Mahmoud Al-Saadani, a third for the poet Bayram Al-Tunisi, and a fourth for portraits of major artists including Talal Maddah, created by the brush of the Syrian cartoonist Hassan Adlabi.
Meanwhile, (Café Riche) is considered one of the most prominent cultural and intellectual cafés in Egypt, having hosted seminars featuring Naguib Mahfouz, Al-Aqqad, Amal Dunqul, Zaki Naguib Mahmoud, Fathi Ghanem, Naguib Surour, and Salah Jahin.
The bride of the Red Sea (Jeddah) is known for its cultural cafés; among them is (Al-Droubi) café east of the old courthouse, where writer Ali Khalid Al-Ghamdi would meet with his friends from journalists and writers, including Mohammed Al-Faidi and director Abdullah Al-Rawass. There is also (Al-Abraj) café, where a select group of writers, media figures, athletes, visual artists, and folk poets gather.
In Baghdad, (Al-Zahawi Café) became famous as a place where he wrote his articles, and dialogues took place between him and Al-Rasafi, overseen by Ahmed Hamid Al-Sarraf, often ending with Al-Rasafi leaving angrily and moving to (Aref Agha) café, which he made his permanent gathering place surrounded by his supporters and followers.
We wonder here, in light of the increasing wave of coffee shops, whether the cultural café will maintain its historical presence? Will it succeed in resisting the invasion with a hint of the past's fragrance? This is what we hope for, especially since the literary partner initiative aims to make it a space for awareness and community education. Here is a survey of the opinions of several writers to foresee the future of the "phenomenon" that is setting its sun towards the horizon.
The poet Ali Atta believes that the cultural café today is significantly different from what it was in the past, as it is rare to find among its patrons well-known and influential faces, which has caused literary discussions to fade under the cloak of political circumstances. He explained that (Café Riche) had previously been closed for more than ten years and resumed its activities in a way that avoids attracting the harafish of intellectuals who do not appreciate the extraordinary, turning into a tourist restaurant and café with prices beyond the means of these troublemakers. He pointed out that (Zahrat Al-Bustan) café still offers drinks at affordable prices, attracting hundreds of young people and elderly visitors around the clock, but most of them are pretenders to culture and literature, and it is on the verge of losing its status as a venerable cultural café, attributing this to the popularity of virtual communication and the impact of the absence of cultural cafés in Egypt, which he sees as limited to social gossip more than anything else.
The critic Dr. Ahmed Al-Qaisi believes that despite the important role that cultural cafés played in the literary scene throughout the last century, their presence is now fading, relegating them to the shelves of memories of a beautiful phase. Even if some claim their continuation and struggle against circumstances for their survival in their classical form, their impact is lost, as the transformations of the era necessitate dealing with its data and embracing all that it provides. The emergence of social media has rendered them unnecessary, and the connection of writers through virtual groups has become the alternative that replaced cafés. He emphasized that the literary partner initiative in the last four years has revived the old idea and restored to cafés that beautiful cultural glow in a way and structure that suits the new phase, considering it successful in that.
Novelist Sobhi Moussa stated that cultural cafés were landmarks of Cairo, and those coming from Arab or foreign countries, especially those concerned with cultural affairs, would ask about its cultural cafés as soon as they enter Egypt. They do not feel they are recognized as intellectuals or engaged in culture unless friendships and bonds of affection are established between them and the patrons of cultural cafés, to be consecrated and recognized. He pointed to the changes that have occurred, which have robbed cafés of their former glow, and social media has become an important alternative for them and other things, as he described. Moussa questioned: What drives a writer to leave his home to sit in a café all day, knowing that he can do everything he used to do in the café from home, through his phone screen? He pointed out that he can meet and chat with all his friends via Messenger on Facebook, comment or respond to everything they say, express his opinion on any topic as soon as he hears it, interact with participants, meet new friends, and build relationships and gain lasting acquaintances on a broader and larger scale. He added: In light of the high cost of living, the expense of transportation, sitting, and the involvement in ordering drinks for friends and loved ones, he emphasized that the absence of many friends due to death, illness, or isolation, and the emergence of new generations that see a new function for the café, have contributed to the devaluation of the café due to the fast pace of life and the end of the era of solidarity.
For those who have the opportunity and time to visit Cairo, they will notice at the end of (Kobri Faisal) a café that has erected a statue of the writer Naguib Mahfouz, with the inscription (Al-Harafish) on its door, which is the title of one of the writer's (Nobel Prize-winning) novels. The term Al-Harafish was coined by the artist Ahmed Mazhar for a group of writers and artists whom Naguib Mahfouz meets weekly. In the café, there is a corner for the author of "Awlad Haratina," another for the satirical writer Mahmoud Al-Saadani, a third for the poet Bayram Al-Tunisi, and a fourth for portraits of major artists including Talal Maddah, created by the brush of the Syrian cartoonist Hassan Adlabi.
Meanwhile, (Café Riche) is considered one of the most prominent cultural and intellectual cafés in Egypt, having hosted seminars featuring Naguib Mahfouz, Al-Aqqad, Amal Dunqul, Zaki Naguib Mahmoud, Fathi Ghanem, Naguib Surour, and Salah Jahin.
The bride of the Red Sea (Jeddah) is known for its cultural cafés; among them is (Al-Droubi) café east of the old courthouse, where writer Ali Khalid Al-Ghamdi would meet with his friends from journalists and writers, including Mohammed Al-Faidi and director Abdullah Al-Rawass. There is also (Al-Abraj) café, where a select group of writers, media figures, athletes, visual artists, and folk poets gather.
In Baghdad, (Al-Zahawi Café) became famous as a place where he wrote his articles, and dialogues took place between him and Al-Rasafi, overseen by Ahmed Hamid Al-Sarraf, often ending with Al-Rasafi leaving angrily and moving to (Aref Agha) café, which he made his permanent gathering place surrounded by his supporters and followers.
We wonder here, in light of the increasing wave of coffee shops, whether the cultural café will maintain its historical presence? Will it succeed in resisting the invasion with a hint of the past's fragrance? This is what we hope for, especially since the literary partner initiative aims to make it a space for awareness and community education. Here is a survey of the opinions of several writers to foresee the future of the "phenomenon" that is setting its sun towards the horizon.
The poet Ali Atta believes that the cultural café today is significantly different from what it was in the past, as it is rare to find among its patrons well-known and influential faces, which has caused literary discussions to fade under the cloak of political circumstances. He explained that (Café Riche) had previously been closed for more than ten years and resumed its activities in a way that avoids attracting the harafish of intellectuals who do not appreciate the extraordinary, turning into a tourist restaurant and café with prices beyond the means of these troublemakers. He pointed out that (Zahrat Al-Bustan) café still offers drinks at affordable prices, attracting hundreds of young people and elderly visitors around the clock, but most of them are pretenders to culture and literature, and it is on the verge of losing its status as a venerable cultural café, attributing this to the popularity of virtual communication and the impact of the absence of cultural cafés in Egypt, which he sees as limited to social gossip more than anything else.
The critic Dr. Ahmed Al-Qaisi believes that despite the important role that cultural cafés played in the literary scene throughout the last century, their presence is now fading, relegating them to the shelves of memories of a beautiful phase. Even if some claim their continuation and struggle against circumstances for their survival in their classical form, their impact is lost, as the transformations of the era necessitate dealing with its data and embracing all that it provides. The emergence of social media has rendered them unnecessary, and the connection of writers through virtual groups has become the alternative that replaced cafés. He emphasized that the literary partner initiative in the last four years has revived the old idea and restored to cafés that beautiful cultural glow in a way and structure that suits the new phase, considering it successful in that.
Novelist Sobhi Moussa stated that cultural cafés were landmarks of Cairo, and those coming from Arab or foreign countries, especially those concerned with cultural affairs, would ask about its cultural cafés as soon as they enter Egypt. They do not feel they are recognized as intellectuals or engaged in culture unless friendships and bonds of affection are established between them and the patrons of cultural cafés, to be consecrated and recognized. He pointed to the changes that have occurred, which have robbed cafés of their former glow, and social media has become an important alternative for them and other things, as he described. Moussa questioned: What drives a writer to leave his home to sit in a café all day, knowing that he can do everything he used to do in the café from home, through his phone screen? He pointed out that he can meet and chat with all his friends via Messenger on Facebook, comment or respond to everything they say, express his opinion on any topic as soon as he hears it, interact with participants, meet new friends, and build relationships and gain lasting acquaintances on a broader and larger scale. He added: In light of the high cost of living, the expense of transportation, sitting, and the involvement in ordering drinks for friends and loved ones, he emphasized that the absence of many friends due to death, illness, or isolation, and the emergence of new generations that see a new function for the café, have contributed to the devaluation of the café due to the fast pace of life and the end of the era of solidarity.